--- title: Isaiah 40:24 — Scarce are they planted, scarce are they sown, scarce hath their sto… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Scarce are they planted, scarce are they sown, scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; when He bloweth upon them, they wither, and the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble. Who acts: stock, judges, whirlwind. Isaiah 40:24 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/) / 40:24 # Isaiah 40:24 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** stock, judges, whirlwind · **What happens:** plant, sow, take, blow, wither, take away · **To what, where:** judges, root, earth This is Isaiah 40:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — stock, judges, whirlwind — and what happens in the verse to judges, root, earth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַ֣ף בַּל־נִטָּ֗עוּ אַ֚ף בַּל־זֹרָ֔עוּ אַ֛ף בַּל־שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ בָּאָ֖רֶץ גִּזְעָ֑ם וְגַם־נָשַׁ֤ף בָּהֶם֙ וַיִּבָ֔שׁוּ וּסְעָרָ֖ה כַּקַּ֥שׁ תִּשָּׂאֵֽם׃ס [Scarce are they planted, scarce are they sown, scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; when He bloweth upon them, they wither, and the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.863/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:789 # text = אַ֣ף בַּל־נִטָּ֗עוּ אַ֚ף בַּל־זֹרָ֔עוּ אַ֛ף בַּל־שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ בָּאָ֖רֶץ גִּזְעָ֑ם וְגַם־נָשַׁ֤ף בָּהֶם֙ וַיִּבָ֔שׁוּ וּסְעָרָ֖ה כַּקַּ֥שׁ תִּשָּׂאֵֽם׃ס # verse = ISA.40.24 1 אַ֣ף אַף ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=even|Ref=ISA_40:24!1|MId=o230400240011|Strong=0637|Type=affirmation 2 בַּל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_40:24!2|MId=o230400240021|Strong=1077|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 3 נִטָּ֗עוּ נָטַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.been.planted|Ref=ISA_40:24!3|MId=o230400240031|Strong=5193|Frame=A1:230400230021;230400230041;|Type=qatal 4 אַ֚ף אַף ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=even|Ref=ISA_40:24!4|MId=o230400240041|Strong=0637|Type=affirmation 5 בַּל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_40:24!5|MId=o230400240051|Strong=1077|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 6 זֹרָ֔עוּ זָרַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.been.sown|Ref=ISA_40:24!6|MId=o230400240061|Strong=2232|Frame=A1:230400230021;230400230041;|Type=qatal 7 אַ֛ף אַף ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=even|Ref=ISA_40:24!7|MId=o230400240071|Strong=0637|Type=affirmation 8 בַּל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_40:24!8|MId=o230400240081|Strong=1077|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 9 שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ שָׁרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.taken.root|Ref=ISA_40:24!9|MId=o230400240091|Strong=8327|Frame=A0:230400240111;|Type=qatal 10-12 בָּאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_40:24!10|MId=o230400240101|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_40:24!10|MId=o230400240101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=ISA_40:24!10|MId=o230400240102|Strong=0776 13-14 גִּזְעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 גִּזְע גֶּזַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=rootstock|Ref=ISA_40:24!11|MId=o230400240111|Strong=1503 14 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_40:24!11|MId=o230400240112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:24!12|MId=o230400240121|Strong=2050b 16 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ISA_40:24!12|MId=o230400240122|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 17 נָשַׁ֤ף נָשַׁף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.blows|Ref=ISA_40:24!13|MId=o230400240131|Strong=5398|Frame=A0:230400180041;|Type=qatal 18-19 בָּהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_40:24!14|MId=o230400240141|Strong=0871a 19 ָהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=ISA_40:24!14|MId=o230400240142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20-21 וַיִּבָ֔שׁוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:24!15|MId=o230400240151|Strong=2050b 21 יִּבָ֔שׁוּ יָבֵשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.have.dried.up|Ref=ISA_40:24!15|MId=o230400240152|Strong=3001|Frame=A0:230400230021;230400230041;|Type=wayyiqtol 22-23 וּסְעָרָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:24!16|MId=o230400240161|Strong=2050b 23 סְעָרָ֖ה סְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=a.tempest|Ref=ISA_40:24!16|MId=o230400240162|Strong=5591a 24-26 כַּקַּ֥שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_40:24!17|MId=o230400240171|Strong=3509a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_40:24!17|MId=o230400240171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 קַּ֥שׁ קַשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=chaff|Ref=ISA_40:24!17|MId=o230400240172|Strong=7179 27-28 תִּשָּׂאֵֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 תִּשָּׂא נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_40:24!18|MId=o230400240181|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:230400240162;A1:230400240182;|Type=yiqtol 28 ֵֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ Gloss=carries.them.off|Ref=ISA_40:24!18|MId=o230400240182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=ISA_40:24!18|SpaceAfter=No 30 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=ISA_40:24!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** נִטָּעוּ *they have been planted* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | **not** זֹרָעוּ *they have been sown* | qatal · pual | | | | | | **not** שֹׁרֵשׁ *it has taken root* | qatal · poel | גִּזְע *rootstock* | | | | | נָשַׁף *he blows* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יִּבָשׁוּ *they have dried up* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תִּשָּׂא *it* | yiqtol · qal | סְעָרָה *a tempest* | ֵֽם *carries them off* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲפִילוּ יִפְשׁוּן אֲפִילוּ יִסְגוּן אֲפִילוּ יִתְרַבּוּן בְּאַרְעָא בְנֵיהוֹן וְאַף רוּגְזֵהּ יְשַׁלַח בְּהוֹן וְיִבְהֲתוּן וּמֵימְרֵהּ כְּעַלְעֵילָא לְקַשָׁא יְדַבֵּר יַתְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Scarce are they planted, scarce are they sown, scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; when He bloweth upon them, they wither, and the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.863/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:789`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 40:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.23/) - next →: [Isaiah 40:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.25/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/)