--- title: Isaiah 40:26 — Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these? He that… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these? He that bringeth out their host by number, He calleth them all by name; by the greatness of His might, and for that He is strong in power, not one faileth. Who acts: you, whirlwind, one. Isaiah 40:26 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/) / 40:26 # Isaiah 40:26 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, whirlwind, one · **What happens:** lift up, see, create, bring out, call, be · **To what, where:** eyes, these, host, power · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 40:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, whirlwind, one — and what happens in the verse to eyes, these, host, power, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שְׂאוּ־מָר֨וֹם עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם וּרְאוּ֙ מִי־בָרָ֣א אֵ֔לֶּה הַמּוֹצִ֥יא בְמִסְפָּ֖ר צְבָאָ֑ם לְכֻלָּם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִקְרָ֔א מֵרֹ֤ב אוֹנִים֙ וְאַמִּ֣יץ כֹּ֔חַ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א נֶעְדָּֽר׃ס [Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.865/) [He that bringeth out their host by number, He calleth them all by name; by the greatness of His might, and for that He is strong in power, not one faileth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.866/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:791 # text = שְׂאוּ־מָר֨וֹם עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם וּרְאוּ֙ מִי־בָרָ֣א אֵ֔לֶּה הַמּוֹצִ֥יא בְמִסְפָּ֖ר צְבָאָ֑ם לְכֻלָּם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִקְרָ֔א מֵרֹ֤ב אוֹנִים֙ וְאַמִּ֣יץ כֹּ֔חַ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א נֶעְדָּֽר׃ס # verse = ISA.40.26 1 שְׂאוּ־ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=lift.up|Ref=ISA_40:26!1|MId=o230400260011|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:230400010031;A1:230400260031;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 2 מָר֨וֹם מָרוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=height|Ref=ISA_40:26!2|MId=o230400260021|Strong=4791 3-4 עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עֵינֵי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 1 obj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=ISA_40:26!3|MId=o230400260031|Strong=5869 4 כֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_40:26!3|MId=o230400260032|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 5-6 וּרְאוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:26!4|MId=o230400260041|Strong=2050b 6 רְאוּ֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=see|Ref=ISA_40:26!4|MId=o230400260042|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:230400010031;|Type=imperative 7 מִי־ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 8 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=ISA_40:26!5|MId=o230400260051|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 8 בָרָ֣א בָּרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=did.he.create|Ref=ISA_40:26!6|MId=o230400260061|Strong=1254|Frame=A0:230400260051;A1:230400260071;|Type=qatal 9 אֵ֔לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 8 obj _ Gloss=these|Ref=ISA_40:26!7|MId=o230400260071|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 10-11 הַמּוֹצִ֥יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=ISA_40:26!8|MId=o230400260081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מּוֹצִ֥יא יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=who].brings.out|Ref=ISA_40:26!8|MId=o230400260082|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:230400250061;A0:230400260101;|Type=participle_active 12-13 בְמִסְפָּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=ISA_40:26!9|MId=o230400260091|Strong=0871a 13 מִסְפָּ֖ר מִסְפָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=number|Ref=ISA_40:26!9|MId=o230400260092|Strong=4557 14-15 צְבָאָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 צְבָא צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=host|Ref=ISA_40:26!10|MId=o230400260101|Strong=6635 15 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_40:26!10|MId=o230400260102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16-18 לְכֻלָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(to).all|Ref=ISA_40:26!11|MId=o230400260111|Strong=3807a 17 כֻלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_40:26!11|MId=o230400260112|Strong=3605 18 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=them|Ref=ISA_40:26!11|MId=o230400260113|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19-20 בְּשֵׁ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=ISA_40:26!12|MId=o230400260121|Strong=0871a 20 שֵׁ֣ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=name|Ref=ISA_40:26!12|MId=o230400260122|Strong=8034 21 יִקְרָ֔א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=he.calls|Ref=ISA_40:26!13|MId=o230400260131|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:230400250061;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 מֵרֹ֤ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_40:26!14|MId=o230400260141|Strong=4480 23 רֹ֤ב רֹב NOUN _ Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=greatness|Ref=ISA_40:26!14|MId=o230400260142|Strong=7230 24 אוֹנִים֙ אוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.strength(s)|Ref=ISA_40:26!15|MId=o230400260151|Strong=0202 25-26 וְאַמִּ֣יץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:26!16|MId=o230400260161|Strong=2050b 26 אַמִּ֣יץ אַמִּיץ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=a.strong.[one]|Ref=ISA_40:26!16|MId=o230400260162|Strong=0533|Type=adjective 27 כֹּ֔חַ כֹּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.power|Ref=ISA_40:26!17|MId=o230400260171|Strong=3581 28 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=any|Ref=ISA_40:26!18|MId=o230400260181|Strong=0376 29 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_40:26!19|MId=o230400260191|Strong=3808|Type=negative 30 נֶעְדָּֽר עָדַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=it.is.missing|Ref=ISA_40:26!20|MId=o230400260201|Strong=5737a|Frame=A0:230400260181;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=ISA_40:26!20|SpaceAfter=No 32 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=ISA_40:26!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׂאוּ־ *lift up* | imperative · qal | | עֵינֵי *eyes* | | | | רְאוּ *see* | imperative · qal | | | | | | בָרָא *did he create* | qatal · qal | מִי־ *who?* | אֵלֶּה *these* | | | | מּוֹצִיא *who\] brings out* | participle active · hiphil | צְבָא *host* | | | | | יִקְרָא *he calls* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** נֶעְדָּֽר *it is missing* | qatal · niphal | אִישׁ *any* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} זְקוּפוּ לְרוּמָא עֵינֵיכוֹן וַחֲזוּ לְמִדְחַל קֳדָם מַן דִבְרָא אִלֵין דְאַפֵּיק בְּמִנְיָן חֵילֵי שְׁמַיָא לְכוּלְהוֹן בְּשִׁמְהָן קָרֵי מַסְגֵי גְבוּרָן וּתְקוֹף חֵיל חַד מִסִדְרֵהּ לָא מִתְעַכָּב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.865/) 2. [He that bringeth out their host by number, He calleth them all by name; by the greatness of His might, and for that He is strong in power, not one faileth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.866/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:791`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 40:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.25/) - next →: [Isaiah 40:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.27/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/)