--- title: Isaiah 40:28 — Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard that the everlasting God, t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? His discernment is past searching out. Who acts: thou, everlasting God, discernment, God. Isaiah 40:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonatha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/) / 40:28 # Isaiah 40:28 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** thou, everlasting God, discernment, God · **What happens:** not know, not hear, not faint, be, search out, discern · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 40:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, everlasting God, discernment, God — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֲל֨וֹא יָדַ֜עְתָּ אִם־לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ אֱלֹהֵ֨י עוֹלָ֤ם ׀ יְהוָה֙ בּוֹרֵא֙ קְצ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יִיעַ֖ף וְלֹ֣א יִיגָ֑ע אֵ֥ין חֵ֖קֶר לִתְבוּנָתֽוֹ׃ [Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.868/) [His discernment is past searching out.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.869/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:793 # text = הֲל֨וֹא יָדַ֜עְתָּ אִם־לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ אֱלֹהֵ֨י עוֹלָ֤ם ׀ יְהוָה֙ בּוֹרֵא֙ קְצ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יִיעַ֖ף וְלֹ֣א יִיגָ֑ע אֵ֥ין חֵ֖קֶר לִתְבוּנָתֽוֹ׃ # verse = ISA.40.28 1-2 הֲל֨וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=ISA_40:28!1|MId=o230400280011|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 2 ל֨וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_40:28!1|MId=o230400280012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 יָדַ֜עְתָּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=do.you.know|Ref=ISA_40:28!2|MId=o230400280021|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:230400270051;|Type=qatal 4 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=or?|Ref=ISA_40:28!3|MId=o230400280031|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 5 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_40:28!4|MId=o230400280041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 6 שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=have.you.heard|Ref=ISA_40:28!5|MId=o230400280051|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:230400270051;|Type=qatal 7 אֱלֹהֵ֨י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].a.God|Ref=ISA_40:28!6|MId=o230400280061|Strong=0430 8 עוֹלָ֤ם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.perpetuity|Ref=ISA_40:28!7|MId=o230400280071|Strong=5769 9 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ Ref=ISA_40:28!7 10 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 7 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_40:28!8|MId=o230400280081|Strong=3068 11 בּוֹרֵא֙ בָּרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=[the.one.who].created|Ref=ISA_40:28!9|MId=o230400280091|Strong=1254|Frame=A0:230400280061;A1:230400280101;|Type=participle_active 12 קְצ֣וֹת קָצָה NOUN _ Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=the.ends|Ref=ISA_40:28!10|MId=o230400280101|Strong=7098 13-14 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_40:28!11|MId=o230400280111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.earth|Ref=ISA_40:28!11|MId=o230400280112|Strong=0776 15 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_40:28!12|MId=o230400280121|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16 יִיעַ֖ף יָעֵף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=he.grows.weary|Ref=ISA_40:28!13|MId=o230400280131|Strong=3286|Frame=A0:230400280061;|Type=yiqtol 17-18 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:28!14|MId=o230400280141|Strong=2050b 18 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_40:28!14|MId=o230400280142|Strong=3808|Type=negative 19 יִיגָ֑ע יָגֵעַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.becomes.weary|Ref=ISA_40:28!15|MId=o230400280151|Strong=3021|Frame=A0:230400280061;|Type=yiqtol 20 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 3 parataxis _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=ISA_40:28!16|MId=o230400280161|Strong=0369|Type=negative 21 חֵ֖קֶר חֵקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=searching|Ref=ISA_40:28!17|MId=o230400280171|Strong=2714 22-24 לִתְבוּנָתֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_40:28!18|MId=o230400280181|Strong=3807a 23 תְבוּנָת תְּבוּנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=understanding|Ref=ISA_40:28!18|MId=o230400280182|Strong=8394 24 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_40:28!18|MId=o230400280183|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=ISA_40:28!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יָדַעְתָּ *do you know* | qatal · qal | | | | | | **not** שָׁמַעְתָּ *have you heard* | qatal · qal | | | | | | בּוֹרֵא *\[the one who\] created* | participle active · qal | אֱלֹהֵי *\[is\] a God* | קְצוֹת *the ends* | | | | **not** יִיעַף *he grows weary* | yiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהֵי *\[is\] a God* | | | | | **not** יִיגָע *he becomes weary* | yiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהֵי *\[is\] a God* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הֲלָא יְדַעְתָּא אִם לָא שְׁמַעְתָּא אֱלָהָא עַלְמָא יְיָ דִי בְרָא יְסוֹדֵי אַרְעָא לָא בַעֲמַל וְלָא בְלֵיאוּ לֵית סוֹף לְסוּכְלְתָנוּתֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.868/) 2. [His discernment is past searching out.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.869/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:793`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 40:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.27/) - next →: [Isaiah 40:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.29/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/)