--- title: Isaiah 40:3 — Hark! one calleth: 'Clear ye in the wilderness the way of the LORD,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Hark! one calleth: 'Clear ye in the wilderness the way of the LORD, make plain in the desert a highway for our God. Who acts: one, ye. Isaiah 40:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/) / 40:3 # Isaiah 40:3 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** one, ye · **What happens:** call, clear, make · **To what, where:** way, wilderness, highway, desert · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 40:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, ye — and what happens in the verse to way, wilderness, highway, desert, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. ק֣וֹל קוֹרֵ֔א בַּמִּדְבָּ֕ר פַּנּ֖וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה יַשְּׁרוּ֙ בָּעֲרָבָ֔ה מְסִלָּ֖ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ [Hark! one calleth: 'Clear ye in the wilderness the way of the LORD, make plain in the desert a highway for our God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.838/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:768 # text = ק֣וֹל קוֹרֵ֔א בַּמִּדְבָּ֕ר פַּנּ֖וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה יַשְּׁרוּ֙ בָּעֲרָבָ֔ה מְסִלָּ֖ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ # verse = ISA.40.3 1 ק֣וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=a.voice|Ref=ISA_40:3!1|MId=o230400030011|Strong=6963 2 קוֹרֵ֔א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[is].calling|Ref=ISA_40:3!2|MId=o230400030021|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:230400030011;|Type=participle_active 3-5 בַּמִּדְבָּ֕ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_40:3!3|MId=o230400030031|Strong=0871a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_40:3!3|MId=o230400030031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מִּדְבָּ֕ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=ISA_40:3!3|MId=o230400030032|Strong=4057 6 פַּנּ֖וּ פָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=make.clear|Ref=ISA_40:3!4|MId=o230400030041|Strong=6437|Frame=A0:;A1:230400030051;|Type=imperative 7 דֶּ֣רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=the.way|Ref=ISA_40:3!5|MId=o230400030051|Strong=1870 8 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=ISA_40:3!6|MId=o230400030061|Strong=3068 9 יַשְּׁרוּ֙ יָשַׁר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 6 parataxis _ Gloss=make.straight|Ref=ISA_40:3!7|MId=o230400030071|Strong=3474|Frame=A0:;A1:230400030091;|Type=imperative 10-12 בָּעֲרָבָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_40:3!8|MId=o230400030081|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the.desert|Ref=ISA_40:3!8|MId=o230400030081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 עֲרָבָ֔ה עֲרָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=plain|Ref=ISA_40:3!8|MId=o230400030082|Strong=6160 13 מְסִלָּ֖ה מְסִלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=a.highway|Ref=ISA_40:3!9|MId=o230400030091|Strong=4546 14-16 לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ISA_40:3!10|MId=o230400030101|Strong=3807a 15 אלֹהֵֽי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=God|Ref=ISA_40:3!10|MId=o230400030102|Strong=0430 16 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=ISA_40:3!10|MId=o230400030103|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=ISA_40:3!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קוֹרֵא *\[is\] calling* | participle active · qal | קוֹל *a voice* | | | | | פַּנּוּ *make clear* | imperative · piel | | דֶּרֶךְ *the way* | | | | יַשְּׁרוּ *make straight* | imperative · piel | | מְסִלָּה *a highway* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} קַל דְמַכְלֵי בְּמַדְבְּרָא פַּנוּ אוֹרַח מִן קֳדָם עַמָא דַייָ כְּבִישָׁא בְּמֵישְׁרָא כִּבְשִׁין קֳדָם כְּנִשְׁתָּא דֶאֱלָהָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Hark! one calleth: 'Clear ye in the wilderness the way of the LORD, make plain in the desert a highway for our God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.838/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:768`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 40:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.2/) - next →: [Isaiah 40:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.4/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/)