--- title: Isaiah 41:2 — Who hath raised up one from the east, at whose steps victory attende… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Who hath raised up one from the east, at whose steps victory attendeth? He giveth nations before him, and maketh him rule over kings; his sword maketh them as the dust, his bow as the driven stubble. Who acts: victory, sword. Isaiah 41:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/41/) / 41:2 # Isaiah 41:2 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** victory, sword · **What happens:** raise up, attend, give, make, rule, drive · **To what, where:** one, east, nations, victory This is Isaiah 41:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — victory, sword — and what happens in the verse to one, east, nations, victory, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִ֤י הֵעִיר֙ מִמִּזְרָ֔ח צֶ֖דֶק יִקְרָאֵ֣הוּ לְרַגְל֑וֹ יִתֵּ֨ן לְפָנָ֤יו גּוֹיִם֙ וּמְלָכִ֣ים יַ֔רְדְּ יִתֵּ֤ן כֶּֽעָפָר֙ חַרְבּ֔וֹ כְּקַ֥שׁ נִדָּ֖ף קַשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ [Who hath raised up one from the east, at whose steps victory attendeth?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.874/) [He giveth nations before him, and maketh him rule over kings; his sword maketh them as the dust, his bow as the driven stubble.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.875/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:798 # text = מִ֤י הֵעִיר֙ מִמִּזְרָ֔ח צֶ֖דֶק יִקְרָאֵ֣הוּ לְרַגְל֑וֹ יִתֵּ֨ן לְפָנָ֤יו גּוֹיִם֙ וּמְלָכִ֣ים יַ֔רְדְּ יִתֵּ֤ן כֶּֽעָפָר֙ חַרְבּ֔וֹ כְּקַ֥שׁ נִדָּ֖ף קַשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ # verse = ISA.41.2 1 מִ֤י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 2 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=ISA_41:2!1|MId=o230410020011|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 2 הֵעִיר֙ עוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=has.he.stirred.up|Ref=ISA_41:2!2|MId=o230410020021|Strong=5782|Frame=AA:230410020011;A0:230410020041;|Type=qatal 3-4 מִמִּזְרָ֔ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=ISA_41:2!3|MId=o230410020031|Strong=4480 4 מִּזְרָ֔ח מִזְרָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=east|Ref=ISA_41:2!3|MId=o230410020032|Strong=4217 5 צֶ֖דֶק צֶדֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=righteousness|Ref=ISA_41:2!4|MId=o230410020041|Strong=6664 6-7 יִקְרָאֵ֣הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 יִקְרָא קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_41:2!5|MId=o230410020051|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:230410020011;A1:230410020052;|Type=yiqtol 7 ֵ֣הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ Gloss=meets.him|Ref=ISA_41:2!5|MId=o230410020052|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 8-10 לְרַגְל֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_41:2!6|MId=o230410020061|Strong=3807a 9 רַגְל רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=foot|Ref=ISA_41:2!6|MId=o230410020062|Strong=7272 10 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_41:2!6|MId=o230410020063|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11 יִתֵּ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 ccomp _ Gloss=he.delivers.up|Ref=ISA_41:2!7|MId=o230410020071|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:230410020011;A1:230410020091;|Type=yiqtol 12-14 לְפָנָ֤יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_41:2!8|MId=o230410020081|Strong=3807a 13 פָנָ֤י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_41:2!8|MId=o230410020082|Strong=6440 14 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=ISA_41:2!8|MId=o230410020083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 גּוֹיִם֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=ISA_41:2!9|MId=o230410020091|Strong=1471 16-17 וּמְלָכִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_41:2!10|MId=o230410020101|Strong=2050b 17 מְלָכִ֣ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=ISA_41:2!10|MId=o230410020102|Strong=4428 18 יַ֔רְדְּ רָדָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=he.causes.to.rule|Ref=ISA_41:2!11|MId=o230410020111|Strong=7286|Frame=A0:230410020041;A1:230410020102;|Type=yiqtol 19 יִתֵּ֤ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=he.makes.[them]|Ref=ISA_41:2!12|MId=o230410020121|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:230410020041;|Type=yiqtol 20-22 כֶּֽעָפָר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 כֶּֽ כְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_41:2!13|MId=o230410020131|Strong=3509a 21 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_41:2!13|MId=o230410020131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 עָפָר֙ עָפָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=dust|Ref=ISA_41:2!13|MId=o230410020132|Strong=6083 23-24 חַרְבּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=ISA_41:2!14|MId=o230410020141|Strong=2719 24 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_41:2!14|MId=o230410020142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25-26 כְּקַ֥שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_41:2!15|MId=o230410020151|Strong=3509a 26 קַ֥שׁ קַשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 parataxis _ Gloss=chaff|Ref=ISA_41:2!15|MId=o230410020152|Strong=7179 27 נִדָּ֖ף נָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 26 nmod _ Gloss=[which.is].driven.about|Ref=ISA_41:2!16|MId=o230410020161|Strong=5086|Type=participle_active 28-29 קַשְׁתּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 קַשְׁתּ קֶשֶׁת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=bow|Ref=ISA_41:2!17|MId=o230410020171|Strong=7198 29 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_41:2!17|MId=o230410020172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=ISA_41:2!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֵעִיר *has he stirred up* | qatal · hiphil | צֶדֶק *righteousness* | | | מִי *who?* | | יִקְרָא *it* | yiqtol · qal | מִי *who?* | ֵהוּ *meets him* | | | | יִתֵּן *he delivers up* | yiqtol · qal | מִי *who?* | גּוֹיִם *nations* | | | | יַרְדְּ *he causes to rule* | yiqtol · hiphil | צֶדֶק *righteousness* | מְלָכִים *kings* | | | | יִתֵּן *he makes \[them\]* | yiqtol · qal | צֶדֶק *righteousness* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מַן אַיְתֵי בִגְלַאי מִמַדִינְחָא אַבְרָהָם בְּחִיר צַדִיקַיָא בִּקְשׁוֹט קַרְבֵהּ לְאַתְרֵהּ מְסַר קֳדָמוֹהִי עַמְמִין וּמַלְכִין תַּקִיפִין תְּבַר רְמָא כְּעַפְרָא קָטוֹלִין קֳדָם חַרְבֵּהּ כְּקַשָׁא רְדוֹפִין קֳדָם קַשְׁתֵּהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Who hath raised up one from the east, at whose steps victory attendeth?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.874/) 2. [He giveth nations before him, and maketh him rule over kings; his sword maketh them as the dust, his bow as the driven stubble.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.875/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:798`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 41:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.1/) - next →: [Isaiah 41:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.3/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/41/)