--- title: Isaiah 41:26 — Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforeti… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say that he is right? Yea, there is none that declareth, yea, there is none that announceth, yea, there is none that heareth your utterances. Who acts: we, potter, none, your. Isaiah 41:26 in Hebrew with its dependen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/41/) / 41:26 # Isaiah 41:26 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** we, potter, none, your · **What happens:** declare, know, say, be, announce, hear · **To what, where:** beginning, utterances · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 41:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, potter, none, your — and what happens in the verse to beginning, utterances, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִֽי־הִגִּ֤יד מֵרֹאשׁ֙ וְנֵדָ֔עָה וּמִלְּפָנִ֖ים וְנֹאמַ֣ר צַדִּ֑יק אַ֣ף אֵין־מַגִּ֗יד אַ֚ף אֵ֣ין מַשְׁמִ֔יעַ אַ֥ף אֵין־שֹׁמֵ֖עַ אִמְרֵיכֶֽם׃ [Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say that he is right?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.902/) [Yea, there is none that declareth, yea, there is none that announceth, yea, there is none that heareth your utterances.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.903/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:822 # text = מִֽי־הִגִּ֤יד מֵרֹאשׁ֙ וְנֵדָ֔עָה וּמִלְּפָנִ֖ים וְנֹאמַ֣ר צַדִּ֑יק אַ֣ף אֵין־מַגִּ֗יד אַ֚ף אֵ֣ין מַשְׁמִ֔יעַ אַ֥ף אֵין־שֹׁמֵ֖עַ אִמְרֵיכֶֽם׃ # verse = ISA.41.26 1 מִֽי־ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 2 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=ISA_41:26!1|MId=o230410260011|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 2 הִגִּ֤יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=did.he.tell.[it]|Ref=ISA_41:26!2|MId=o230410260021|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:230410260011;|Type=qatal 3-4 מֵרֹאשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=ISA_41:26!3|MId=o230410260031|Strong=4480 4 רֹאשׁ֙ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=beginning|Ref=ISA_41:26!3|MId=o230410260032|Strong=7218 5-6 וְנֵדָ֔עָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=ISA_41:26!4|MId=o230410260041|Strong=2050b 6 נֵדָ֔עָה יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=that.we.may.know|Ref=ISA_41:26!4|MId=o230410260042|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:230410210081;230410210091;|Type=cohortative 7-10 וּמִלְּפָנִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_41:26!5|MId=o230410260051|Strong=2050b 8 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_41:26!5|MId=o230410260052|Strong=4480 9 לְּ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_41:26!5|MId=o230410260053|Strong=3807a 10 פָנִ֖ים פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_41:26!5|MId=o230410260054|Strong=6440 11-12 וְנֹאמַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=ISA_41:26!6|MId=o230410260061|Strong=2050b 12 נֹאמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 10 conj _ Gloss=that.we.may.say|Ref=ISA_41:26!6|MId=o230410260062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230410210081;230410210091;A1:230410260071;|Type=yiqtol 13 צַדִּ֑יק צַדִּיק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=correct|Ref=ISA_41:26!7|MId=o230410260071|Strong=6662|Type=adjective 14 אַ֣ף אַף ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ISA_41:26!8|MId=o230410260081|Strong=0637|Type=affirmation 15 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=ISA_41:26!9|MId=o230410260091|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 16 מַגִּ֗יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].told|Ref=ISA_41:26!10|MId=o230410260101|Strong=5046|Type=participle_active 17 אַ֚ף אַף ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ISA_41:26!11|MId=o230410260111|Strong=0637|Type=affirmation 18 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=ISA_41:26!12|MId=o230410260121|Strong=0369|Type=negative 19 מַשְׁמִ֔יעַ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].proclaimed|Ref=ISA_41:26!13|MId=o230410260131|Strong=8085|Type=participle_active 20 אַ֥ף אַף ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ISA_41:26!14|MId=o230410260141|Strong=0637|Type=affirmation 21 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=ISA_41:26!15|MId=o230410260151|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 22 שֹׁמֵ֖עַ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].heard|Ref=ISA_41:26!16|MId=o230410260161|Strong=8085|Frame=A1:230410260171;|Type=participle_active 23-24 אִמְרֵיכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אִמְרֵי אֵמֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obj _ Gloss=words|Ref=ISA_41:26!17|MId=o230410260171|Strong=0561 24 כֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_41:26!17|MId=o230410260172|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=ISA_41:26!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** הִגִּיד *did he tell \[it\]* | qatal · hiphil | מִֽי־ *who?* | | | | | נֵדָעָה *that we may know* | cohortative · qal | | | | | | נֹאמַר *that we may say* | yiqtol · qal | | צַדִּיק *correct* | | | | שֹׁמֵעַ *\[one who\] heard* | participle active · qal | | אִמְרֵי *words* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מַן חַוֵי מִן אַוְלָא וְנֵדַע וּמִלְקָדְמִין וְנֵימַר קְשׁוֹט אַף לֵית דִי מְחַוֵי אַף לֵית דִמְבַסֵר אַף לֵית דְשָׁמַע לְמִילֵיכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say that he is right?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.902/) 2. [Yea, there is none that declareth, yea, there is none that announceth, yea, there is none that heareth your utterances.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.903/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:822`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 41:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.25/) - next →: [Isaiah 41:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.27/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/41/)