--- title: Isaiah 42:16 — And I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not, in paths tha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not, in paths that they knew not will I lead them; I will make darkness light before them, and rugged places plain. These things will I do, and I will not leave them undone. Who acts: I, rivers, darkness. Isaiah 42:16 in Hebrew with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.42.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/42/) / 42:16 # Isaiah 42:16 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, rivers, darkness · **What happens:** bring, not know, lead, make, light, do · **To what, where:** blind, way, paths, rivers, rugged places, things This is Isaiah 42:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, rivers, darkness — and what happens in the verse to blind, way, paths, rivers, rugged places, things, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהוֹלַכְתִּ֣י עִוְרִ֗ים בְּדֶ֙רֶךְ֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ בִּנְתִיב֥וֹת לֹֽא־יָדְע֖וּ אַדְרִיכֵ֑ם אָשִׂים֩ מַחְשָׁ֨ךְ לִפְנֵיהֶ֜ם לָא֗וֹר וּמַֽעֲקַשִּׁים֙ לְמִישׁ֔וֹר אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים עֲשִׂיתִ֖ם וְלֹ֥א עֲזַבְתִּֽים׃ [And I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not, in paths that they knew not will I lead them; I will make darkness light before them, and rugged places plain.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.922/) [These things will I do, and I will not leave them undone.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.923/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:841 # text = וְהוֹלַכְתִּ֣י עִוְרִ֗ים בְּדֶ֙רֶךְ֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ בִּנְתִיב֥וֹת לֹֽא־יָדְע֖וּ אַדְרִיכֵ֑ם אָשִׂים֩ מַחְשָׁ֨ךְ לִפְנֵיהֶ֜ם לָא֗וֹר וּמַֽעֲקַשִּׁים֙ לְמִישׁ֔וֹר אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים עֲשִׂיתִ֖ם וְלֹ֥א עֲזַבְתִּֽים׃ # verse = ISA.42.16 1-2 וְהוֹלַכְתִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_42:16!1|MId=o230420160011|Strong=2050b 2 הוֹלַכְתִּ֣י הלך VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.lead|Ref=ISA_42:16!1|MId=o230420160012|Strong=1980|Frame=AA:230420130011;A0:230420160021;|Type=weqatal 3 עִוְרִ֗ים עִוֵּר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=blind.[people]|Ref=ISA_42:16!2|MId=o230420160021|Strong=5787|Type=adjective 4-5 בְּדֶ֙רֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=ISA_42:16!3|MId=o230420160031|Strong=0871a 5 דֶ֙רֶךְ֙ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=a.way|Ref=ISA_42:16!3|MId=o230420160032|Strong=1870 6 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=[which].not|Ref=ISA_42:16!4|MId=o230420160041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 7 יָדָ֔עוּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 acl _ Gloss=they.have.known|Ref=ISA_42:16!5|MId=o230420160051|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:230420160021;A1:230420160032;|Type=qatal 8-9 בִּנְתִיב֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=ISA_42:16!6|MId=o230420160061|Strong=0871a 9 נְתִיב֥וֹת נְתִיבָה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=paths|Ref=ISA_42:16!6|MId=o230420160062|Strong=5410 10 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=[which].not|Ref=ISA_42:16!7|MId=o230420160071|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 11 יָדְע֖וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 acl _ Gloss=they.have.known|Ref=ISA_42:16!8|MId=o230420160081|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:230420160021;A1:230420160062;|Type=qatal 12-13 אַדְרִיכֵ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אַדְרִיכ דָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_42:16!9|MId=o230420160091|Strong=1869|Frame=AA:230420130011;A0:230420160092;|Type=yiqtol 13 ֵ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=will.guide.them|Ref=ISA_42:16!9|MId=o230420160092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14 אָשִׂים֩ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.make|Ref=ISA_42:16!10|MId=o230420160101|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:230420130011;A1:230420160111;|Type=yiqtol 15 מַחְשָׁ֨ךְ מַחְשָׁךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=[the].dark.place|Ref=ISA_42:16!11|MId=o230420160111|Strong=4285 16-18 לִפְנֵיהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_42:16!12|MId=o230420160121|Strong=3807a 17 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_42:16!12|MId=o230420160122|Strong=6440 18 הֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=them|Ref=ISA_42:16!12|MId=o230420160123|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19-21 לָא֗וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(into|Ref=ISA_42:16!13|MId=o230420160131|Strong=3807a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_42:16!13|MId=o230420160131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 א֗וֹר אוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=light|Ref=ISA_42:16!13|MId=o230420160132|Strong=0216 22-23 וּמַֽעֲקַשִּׁים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_42:16!14|MId=o230420160141|Strong=2050b 23 מַֽעֲקַשִּׁים֙ מַעֲקַשִּׁים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 conj _ Gloss=rough.places|Ref=ISA_42:16!14|MId=o230420160142|Strong=4625 24-25 לְמִישׁ֔וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(into).level|Ref=ISA_42:16!15|MId=o230420160151|Strong=3807a 25 מִישׁ֔וֹר מִישׁוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=ISA_42:16!15|MId=o230420160152|Strong=4334 26 אֵ֚לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 28 nsubj _ Gloss=these|Ref=ISA_42:16!16|MId=o230420160161|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 27-28 הַדְּבָרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=[are].the|Ref=ISA_42:16!17|MId=o230420160171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 דְּבָרִ֔ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ Gloss=things|Ref=ISA_42:16!17|MId=o230420160172|Strong=1697 29-30 עֲשִׂיתִ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 עֲשִׂיתִ֖ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 28 acl _ Gloss=[which].I|Ref=ISA_42:16!18|MId=o230420160181|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:230420130011;A1:230420160182;|Type=qatal 30 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=will.do.them|Ref=ISA_42:16!18|MId=o230420160182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 31-32 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_42:16!19|MId=o230420160191|Strong=2050b 32 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_42:16!19|MId=o230420160192|Strong=3808|Type=negative 33-34 עֲזַבְתִּֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 עֲזַבְתִּֽי עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_42:16!20|MId=o230420160201|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:230420130011;A1:230420160202;|Type=qatal 34 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ Gloss=will.abandon.them|Ref=ISA_42:16!20|MId=o230420160202|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=ISA_42:16!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הוֹלַכְתִּי *I will lead* | weqatal · hiphil | עִוְרִים *blind \[people\]* | | | | | **not** יָדָעוּ *they have known* | qatal · qal | עִוְרִים *blind \[people\]* | דֶרֶךְ *a way* | | | | **not** יָדְעוּ *they have known* | qatal · qal | עִוְרִים *blind \[people\]* | נְתִיבוֹת *paths* | | | | אַדְרִיכ *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֵם *will guide them* | | | | | אָשִׂים *I will make* | yiqtol · qal | | מַחְשָׁךְ *\[the\] dark place* | | | | עֲשִׂיתִ *\[which\] I* | qatal · qal | | ם *will do them* | | | | **not** עֲזַבְתִּֽי *I* | qatal · qal | | ם *will abandon them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וָאֱדַבֵּר לְבֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל דְדָמִין כְּסָמָן בְּאוֹרַח דְלָא יְדָעוּ בִּשְׁבִילִין דְלָא אֲלִיפוּ אַדַרְכִינוּן אֲשַׁוֵי קְבַל קֳדָמֵיהוֹן לִנְהוֹר וְכַפְלָא לְמֵישְׁרָא אִלֵין פִּתְגָמַיָא אַעְבְדִינוּן וְלָא אַרְחִיקִינוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not, in paths that they knew not will I lead them; I will make darkness light before them, and rugged places plain.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.922/) 2. [These things will I do, and I will not leave them undone.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.923/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:841`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 42:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.42.15/) - next →: [Isaiah 42:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.42.17/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/42/)