--- title: Isaiah 42:24 — Who gave Jacob for a spoil, and Israel to the robbers? Did not the L… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Who gave Jacob for a spoil, and Israel to the robbers? Did not the LORD? He against whom we have sinned, and in whose ways they would not walk, neither were they obedient unto His law. Who acts: we, Jacob. Isaiah 42:24 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.42.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/42/) / 42:24 # Isaiah 42:24 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** we, Jacob · **What happens:** give, sin, not walk, be · **To what, where:** Jacob, ways This is Isaiah 42:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, Jacob — and what happens in the verse to Jacob, ways, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִֽי־נָתַ֨ן לִמְשִׁסָּ֧היַעֲקֹ֛ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל לְבֹזְזִ֖ים הֲל֣וֹא יְהוָ֑ה ז֚וּ חָטָ֣אנוּ ל֔וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ בִדְרָכָיו֙ הָל֔וֹךְ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּתוֹרָתֽוֹ׃ [Who gave Jacob for a spoil, and Israel to the robbers?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.934/) [Did not the LORD?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.935/) [He against whom we have sinned, and in whose ways they would not walk, neither were they obedient unto His law.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.936/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:849 # text = מִֽי־נָתַ֨ן לִמְשִׁסָּ֧היַעֲקֹ֛ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל לְבֹזְזִ֖ים הֲל֣וֹא יְהוָ֑ה ז֚וּ חָטָ֣אנוּ ל֔וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ בִדְרָכָיו֙ הָל֔וֹךְ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּתוֹרָתֽוֹ׃ # verse = ISA.42.24 1 מִֽי־ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 2 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=ISA_42:24!1|MId=o230420240011|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 2 נָתַ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=has.he.given|Ref=ISA_42:24!2|MId=o230420240021|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:230420240011;A1:230420240051;|Type=qatal 3-5 לִמְשִׁסָּ֧היַעֲקֹ֛ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_42:24!4|MId=o230420240041|Strong=3807a 4 מְשִׁסָּ֧ה מְשִׁסָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=plunder|Ref=ISA_42:24!4|MId=o230420240042|Strong=4933 5 יַעֲקֹ֛ב יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Jacob|Ref=ISA_42:24!5|MId=o230420240051|Strong=3290 6-7 וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_42:24!6|MId=o230420240061|Strong=2050b 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=ISA_42:24!6|MId=o230420240062|Strong=3478 8-9 לְבֹזְזִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_42:24!7|MId=o230420240071|Strong=3807a 9 בֹזְזִ֖ים בָּזַז VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 7 advcl _ Gloss=[those.who].despoil|Ref=ISA_42:24!7|MId=o230420240072|Strong=0962|Type=participle_active 10-11 הֲל֣וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=ISA_42:24!8|MId=o230420240081|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 11 ל֣וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_42:24!8|MId=o230420240082|Strong=3808|Type=negative 12 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=[was.it].Yahweh|Ref=ISA_42:24!9|MId=o230420240091|Strong=3068 13 ז֚וּ זוּ SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=ISA_42:24!10|MId=o230420240101|Strong=2098|Type=relative 14 חָטָ֣אנוּ חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=we.have.sinned|Ref=ISA_42:24!11|MId=o230420240111|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:230390080041;230420240062;|Type=qatal 15-16 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_42:24!12|MId=o230420240121|Strong=3807a 16 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=ISA_42:24!12|MId=o230420240122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-18 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_42:24!13|MId=o230420240131|Strong=2050b 18 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_42:24!13|MId=o230420240132|Strong=3808|Type=negative 19 אָב֤וּ אָבָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 14 conj _ Gloss=they.were.willing|Ref=ISA_42:24!14|MId=o230420240141|Strong=0014|Frame=A0:230390080041;230420240062;A1:230420240161;|Type=qatal 20-22 בִדְרָכָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_42:24!15|MId=o230420240151|Strong=0871a 21 דְרָכָי דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Plur 23 obl _ Gloss=ways|Ref=ISA_42:24!15|MId=o230420240152|Strong=1870 22 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_42:24!15|MId=o230420240153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 הָל֔וֹךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 ccomp _ Gloss=to.walk|Ref=ISA_42:24!16|MId=o230420240161|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:230390080041;230420240062;|Type=infinitive_absolute 24-25 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_42:24!17|MId=o230420240171|Strong=2050b 25 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_42:24!17|MId=o230420240172|Strong=3808|Type=negative 26 שָׁמְע֖וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 14 conj _ Gloss=they.listened|Ref=ISA_42:24!18|MId=o230420240181|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:230390080041;230420240062;|Type=qatal 27-29 בְּתוֹרָתֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_42:24!19|MId=o230420240191|Strong=0871a 28 תוֹרָת תּוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=law|Ref=ISA_42:24!19|MId=o230420240192|Strong=8451 29 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_42:24!19|MId=o230420240193|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=ISA_42:24!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** נָתַן *has he given* | qatal · qal | מִֽי־ *who?* | יַעֲקֹב *Jacob* | | | | חָטָאנוּ *we have sinned* | qatal · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | **not** אָבוּ *they were willing* | qatal · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | הָלוֹךְ *to walk* | | | | הָלוֹךְ *to walk* | infinitive absolute · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | **not** שָׁמְעוּ *they listened* | qatal · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מַן מְסַר לַעֲדֵי יַעֲקֹב וְיִשְׂרָאֵל לִבְזוֹזִין הֲלָא יְיָ מִן קֳדָם דְחָבוּ קֳדָמוֹהִי וְלָא אֲבוּ לְמֵיהָךְ בְּאוֹרְחָן דְתַקְנָן קֳדָמוֹהִי וְלָא קַבִּילוּ אוּלְפָן אוֹרַיְתֵהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Who gave Jacob for a spoil, and Israel to the robbers?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.934/) 2. [Did not the LORD?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.935/) 3. [He against whom we have sinned, and in whose ways they would not walk, neither were they obedient unto His law.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.936/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:849`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 42:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.42.23/) - next →: [Isaiah 42:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.42.25/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/42/)