--- title: Isaiah 44:12 — The smith maketh an axe, and worketh in the coals, and fashioneth it… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The smith maketh an axe, and worketh in the coals, and fashioneth it with hammers, and worketh it with his strong arm; yea, he is hungry, and his strength faileth; he drinketh no water, and is faint. Who acts: smith, strength. Isaiah 44:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 191 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/) / 44:12 # Isaiah 44:12 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** smith, strength · **What happens:** make, work, fashion, be, fail, drink · **To what, where:** axe, water This is Isaiah 44:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — smith, strength — and what happens in the verse to axe, water, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. חָרַ֤שׁ בַּרְזֶל֙ מַֽעֲצָ֔ד וּפָעַל֙ בַּפֶּחָ֔ם וּבַמַּקָּב֖וֹת יִצְּרֵ֑הוּ וַיִּפְעָלֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ כֹּח֔וֹ גַּם־רָעֵב֙ וְאֵ֣ין כֹּ֔חַ לֹא־שָׁ֥תָה מַ֖יִם וַיִּיעָֽף׃ [The smith maketh an axe, and worketh in the coals, and fashioneth it with hammers, and worketh it with his strong arm; yea, he is hungry, and his strength faileth; he drinketh no water, and is faint.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.984/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:890 # text = חָרַ֤שׁ בַּרְזֶל֙ מַֽעֲצָ֔ד וּפָעַל֙ בַּפֶּחָ֔ם וּבַמַּקָּב֖וֹת יִצְּרֵ֑הוּ וַיִּפְעָלֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ כֹּח֔וֹ גַּם־רָעֵב֙ וְאֵ֣ין כֹּ֔חַ לֹא־שָׁ֥תָה מַ֖יִם וַיִּיעָֽף׃ # verse = ISA.44.12 1 חָרַ֤שׁ חָרָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=a.craftsman|Ref=ISA_44:12!1|MId=o230440120011|Strong=2796 2 בַּרְזֶל֙ בַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.iron|Ref=ISA_44:12!2|MId=o230440120021|Strong=1270 3 מַֽעֲצָ֔ד מַעֲצָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=a.tool|Ref=ISA_44:12!3|MId=o230440120031|Strong=4621 4-5 וּפָעַל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:12!4|MId=o230440120041|Strong=2050b 5 פָעַל֙ פָּעַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.works.[it]|Ref=ISA_44:12!4|MId=o230440120042|Strong=6466|Frame=A0:230440120011;A1:230440100042;|Type=qatal 6-8 בַּפֶּחָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_44:12!5|MId=o230440120051|Strong=0871a 7 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_44:12!5|MId=o230440120051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 פֶּחָ֔ם פֶּחָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=charcoal|Ref=ISA_44:12!5|MId=o230440120052|Strong=6352 9-12 וּבַמַּקָּב֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:12!6|MId=o230440120061|Strong=2050b 10 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ISA_44:12!6|MId=o230440120062|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_44:12!6|MId=o230440120062ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 מַּקָּב֖וֹת מַקֶּבֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=hammers|Ref=ISA_44:12!6|MId=o230440120063|Strong=4717 13-14 יִצְּרֵ֑הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 יִצְּר יָצַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_44:12!7|MId=o230440120071|Strong=3335|Frame=A0:230440120011;A1:230440120072;|Type=yiqtol 14 ֵ֑הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=forms.it|Ref=ISA_44:12!7|MId=o230440120072|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 15-17 וַיִּפְעָלֵ֙הוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:12!8|MId=o230440120081|Strong=2050b 16 יִּפְעָל פָּעַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_44:12!8|MId=o230440120082|Strong=6466|Frame=A0:230440120011;A1:230440120083;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 ֵ֙הוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=worked.it|Ref=ISA_44:12!8|MId=o230440120083|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 18-19 בִּזְר֣וֹעַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ISA_44:12!9|MId=o230440120091|Strong=0871a 19 זְר֣וֹעַ זְרוֹעַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=the.arm|Ref=ISA_44:12!9|MId=o230440120092|Strong=2220 20-21 כֹּח֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 כֹּח כֹּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.strength|Ref=ISA_44:12!10|MId=o230440120101|Strong=3581 21 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_44:12!10|MId=o230440120102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ISA_44:12!11|MId=o230440120111|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 23 רָעֵב֙ רָעֵב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.is.hungry|Ref=ISA_44:12!12|MId=o230440120121|Strong=7456|Frame=A0:230440120011;|Type=qatal 24-25 וְאֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:12!13|MId=o230440120131|Strong=2050b 25 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 1 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=ISA_44:12!13|MId=o230440120132|Strong=0369|Type=negative 26 כֹּ֔חַ כֹּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=strength|Ref=ISA_44:12!14|MId=o230440120141|Strong=3581 27 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_44:12!15|MId=o230440120151|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 28 שָׁ֥תָה שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.drinks|Ref=ISA_44:12!16|MId=o230440120161|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:230440120011;A1:230440120171;|Type=qatal 29 מַ֖יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obj _ Gloss=water|Ref=ISA_44:12!17|MId=o230440120171|Strong=4325 30-31 וַיִּיעָֽף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:12!18|MId=o230440120181|Strong=2050b 31 יִּיעָֽף יָעֵף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.grew.weary|Ref=ISA_44:12!18|MId=o230440120182|Strong=3286|Frame=A0:230440120011;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=ISA_44:12!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | פָעַל *he works \[it\]* | qatal · qal | חָרַשׁ *a craftsman* | | | | | יִצְּר *he* | yiqtol · qal | חָרַשׁ *a craftsman* | ֵהוּ *forms it* | | | | יִּפְעָל *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | חָרַשׁ *a craftsman* | ֵהוּ *worked it* | | | | רָעֵב *he is hungry* | qatal · qal | חָרַשׁ *a craftsman* | | | | | **not** שָׁתָה *he drinks* | qatal · qal | חָרַשׁ *a craftsman* | מַיִם *water* | | | | יִּיעָֽף *he grew weary* | wayyiqtol · qal | חָרַשׁ *a craftsman* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} נַפְחָא מִבַּרְזְלָא חֲצִינָא עָבֵיד וּנְפַח נוּר בְּשִׁיחוּרִין וּבְמַקוּבִין מַתְקֵיף לֵיהּ וְעָבִיד לֵיהּ בִּתְקוֹף חֵילֵהּ דְאִם יִכְפַּן עַבְדֵהּ וְלָא יֵיכוּל לָא יְהֵי בֵיהּ חֵיל וְאִם יִצְחֵי וְלָא יִשְׁתֵּי מַיָא יְהֵי מְשַׁלְהֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The smith maketh an axe, and worketh in the coals, and fashioneth it with hammers, and worketh it with his strong arm; yea, he is hungry, and his strength faileth; he drinketh no water, and is faint.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.984/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:890`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 44:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.11/) - next →: [Isaiah 44:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.13/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/)