--- title: Isaiah 44:23 — Sing, O ye heavens, for the LORD hath done it; shout, ye lowest part… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Sing, O ye heavens, for the LORD hath done it; shout, ye lowest parts of the earth; break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, and every tree therein; for the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and doth glorify Himself in Israel. Who acts: you, LORD. Isaiah 44:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Ta --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/) / 44:23 # Isaiah 44:23 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, LORD · **What happens:** sing, do, shout, break, redeem, glorify · **To what, where:** cloud, singing, Jacob, LORD, Israel This is Isaiah 44:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, LORD — and what happens in the verse to cloud, singing, Jacob, LORD, Israel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רָנּ֨וּ שָׁמַ֜יִם כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה הָרִ֙יעוּ֙ תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹת אָ֔רֶץ פִּצְח֤וּ הָרִים֙ רִנָּ֔ה יַ֖עַר וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־גָאַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְפָּאָֽר׃פ [Sing, O ye heavens, for the LORD hath done it; shout, ye lowest parts of the earth; break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, and every tree therein; for the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and doth glorify Himself in Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.996/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:901 # text = רָנּ֨וּ שָׁמַ֜יִם כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה הָרִ֙יעוּ֙ תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹת אָ֔רֶץ פִּצְח֤וּ הָרִים֙ רִנָּ֔ה יַ֖עַר וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־גָאַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְפָּאָֽר׃פ # verse = ISA.44.23 1 רָנּ֨וּ רָנַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=shout.for.joy|Ref=ISA_44:23!1|MId=o230440230011|Strong=7442|Frame=A0:230440230021;|Type=imperative 2 שָׁמַ֜יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 parataxis _ Gloss=O.heaven|Ref=ISA_44:23!2|MId=o230440230021|Strong=8064 3 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_44:23!3|MId=o230440230031|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 4 עָשָׂ֣ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.acted|Ref=ISA_44:23!4|MId=o230440230041|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:230440230051;|Type=qatal 5 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_44:23!5|MId=o230440230051|Strong=3068 6 הָרִ֙יעוּ֙ רוּעַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=shout.in.triumph|Ref=ISA_44:23!6|MId=o230440230061|Strong=7321|Frame=A0:230440230071;|Type=imperative 7 תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹת תַּחְתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 parataxis _ Gloss=O.lower.parts|Ref=ISA_44:23!7|MId=o230440230071|Strong=8482|Type=adjective 8 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].earth|Ref=ISA_44:23!8|MId=o230440230081|Strong=0776 9 פִּצְח֤וּ פָּצַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 10 parataxis _ Gloss=break.forth|Ref=ISA_44:23!9|MId=o230440230091|Strong=6476|Frame=A0:230440230101;230440230121;230440230141;|Type=imperative 10 הָרִים֙ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 parataxis _ Gloss=O.mountains|Ref=ISA_44:23!10|MId=o230440230101|Strong=2022 11 רִנָּ֔ה רִנָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=a.shout.of.joy|Ref=ISA_44:23!11|MId=o230440230111|Strong=7440 12 יַ֖עַר יַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ Gloss=O.forest|Ref=ISA_44:23!12|MId=o230440230121|Strong=3293 13-14 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:23!13|MId=o230440230131|Strong=2050b 14 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=ISA_44:23!13|MId=o230440230132|Strong=3605 15 עֵ֣ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=tree|Ref=ISA_44:23!14|MId=o230440230141|Strong=6086 16-17 בּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_44:23!15|MId=o230440230151|Strong=0871a 17 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_44:23!15|MId=o230440230152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_44:23!16|MId=o230440230161|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 19 גָאַ֤ל גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.redeemed|Ref=ISA_44:23!17|MId=o230440230171|Strong=1350|Frame=A0:230440230181;A1:230440230191;|Type=qatal 20 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_44:23!18|MId=o230440230181|Strong=3068 21 יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 19 obj _ Gloss=Jacob|Ref=ISA_44:23!19|MId=o230440230191|Strong=3290 22-24 וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:23!20|MId=o230440230201|Strong=2050b 23 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=ISA_44:23!20|MId=o230440230202|Strong=0871a 24 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=ISA_44:23!20|MId=o230440230203|Strong=3478 25 יִתְפָּאָֽר פָּאַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.will.get.glory.for.himself|Ref=ISA_44:23!21|MId=o230440230211|Strong=6286|Frame=A0:230440230181;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=ISA_44:23!21|SpaceAfter=No 27 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=ISA_44:23!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָנּוּ *shout for joy* | imperative · qal | שָׁמַיִם *O heaven* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he has acted* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | הָרִיעוּ *shout in triumph* | imperative · hiphil | תַּחְתִּיּוֹת *O lower parts* | | | | | פִּצְחוּ *break forth* | imperative · qal | הָרִים *O mountains* + יַעַר *O forest* + עֵץ *tree* | | | | | גָאַל *he has redeemed* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | יַֽעֲקֹב *Jacob* | | | | יִתְפָּאָֽר *he will get glory for himself* | yiqtol · hithpael | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} שַׁבַּחוּ שְׁמַיָא אֲרֵי עֲבַד יְיָ פוּרְקַן לְעַמֵהּ יַבִּיבוּ יְסוֹדֵי אַרְעָא בּוּעוּ טוּרַיָא תּוּשְׁבַּחְתָּא חוּרְשָׁא וְכָל אִילָנַיָא דְבֵהּ אֲרֵי פְרַק יְיָ יַעֲקֹב וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל יִשְׁתַּבַּח: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Sing, O ye heavens, for the LORD hath done it; shout, ye lowest parts of the earth; break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, and every tree therein; for the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and doth glorify Himself in Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.996/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:901`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 44:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.22/) - next →: [Isaiah 44:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.24/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/)