--- title: Isaiah 44:25 — That frustrateth the tokens of the imposters, and maketh diviners ma… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: That frustrateth the tokens of the imposters, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish; Who acts: That. Isaiah 44:25 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/) / 44:25 # Isaiah 44:25 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** That · **What happens:** frustrate, make, turn · **To what, where:** tokens, diviners, wise men, knowledge This is Isaiah 44:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — That — and what happens in the verse to tokens, diviners, wise men, knowledge, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מֵפֵר֙ אֹת֣וֹת בַּדִּ֔ים וְקֹסְמִ֖ים יְהוֹלֵ֑ל מֵשִׁ֧יב חֲכָמִ֛ים אָח֖וֹר וְדַעְתָּ֥ם יְשַׂכֵּֽל׃ [That frustrateth the tokens of the imposters, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.998/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:903 # text = מֵפֵר֙ אֹת֣וֹת בַּדִּ֔ים וְקֹסְמִ֖ים יְהוֹלֵ֑ל מֵשִׁ֧יב חֲכָמִ֛ים אָח֖וֹר וְדַעְתָּ֥ם יְשַׂכֵּֽל׃ # verse = ISA.44.25 1 מֵפֵר֙ פָּרַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[who].frustrates|Ref=ISA_44:25!1|MId=o230440250011|Strong=6565|Frame=AA:230440240031;A0:230440250021;|Type=participle_active 2 אֹת֣וֹת אוֹת NOUN _ Number=Plur 1 obj _ Gloss=[the].signs|Ref=ISA_44:25!2|MId=o230440250021|Strong=0226 3 בַּדִּ֔ים בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.empty.talkers|Ref=ISA_44:25!3|MId=o230440250031|Strong=0907a 4-5 וְקֹסְמִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:25!4|MId=o230440250041|Strong=2050b 5 קֹסְמִ֖ים קָסַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 obj _ Gloss=diviners|Ref=ISA_44:25!4|MId=o230440250042|Strong=7080|Type=participle_active 6 יְהוֹלֵ֑ל הָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.makes.look.foolish|Ref=ISA_44:25!5|MId=o230440250051|Strong=1984b|Frame=A0:230440240031;A1:230440250042;|Type=yiqtol 7 מֵשִׁ֧יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=[who].turns.back|Ref=ISA_44:25!6|MId=o230440250061|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:230440240031;A0:230440250071;|Type=participle_active 8 חֲכָמִ֛ים חָכָם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obj _ Gloss=wise.[people]|Ref=ISA_44:25!7|MId=o230440250071|Strong=2450|Type=adjective 9 אָח֖וֹר אָחוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=backwards|Ref=ISA_44:25!8|MId=o230440250081|Strong=0268 10-12 וְדַעְתָּ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:25!9|MId=o230440250091|Strong=2050b 11 דַעְתּ דַּעַת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=knowledge|Ref=ISA_44:25!9|MId=o230440250092|Strong=1847 12 ָ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_44:25!9|MId=o230440250093|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13 יְשַׂכֵּֽל שׂכל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he.makes.foolish|Ref=ISA_44:25!10|MId=o230440250101|Strong=5528|Frame=A0:230440240031;A1:230440250092;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 14 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=ISA_44:25!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מֵפֵר *\[who\] frustrates* | participle active · hiphil | אֹתוֹת *\[the\] signs* | | | | | יְהוֹלֵל *he makes look foolish* | yiqtol · piel | | קֹסְמִים *diviners* | | | | מֵשִׁיב *\[who\] turns back* | participle active · hiphil | חֲכָמִים *wise \[people\]* | | | | | יְשַׂכֵּֽל *he makes foolish* | yiqtol · piel | | דַעְתּ *knowledge* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מְבַטֵל אֶתְוָת בַּדִין וְקִסוּמִין מְשַׁגֵשׁ מַתִיב חַכִּימָא לַאֲחוֹרָא וְדַעְתְּהוֹן מְקַלְקֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [That frustrateth the tokens of the imposters, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.998/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:903`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 44:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.24/) - next →: [Isaiah 44:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.26/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/)