--- title: Isaiah 44:8 — Fear ye not, neither be afraid; have I not announced unto thee of ol… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Fear ye not, neither be afraid; have I not announced unto thee of old, and declared it? And ye are My witnesses. Is there a God beside Me? Yea, there is no Rock; I know not any. Who acts: ye, I, God, Rock. Isaiah 44:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/) / 44:8 # Isaiah 44:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** ye, I, God, Rock · **What happens:** not fear, be, not announce, declare, not know · **To what, where:** old, witnesses, any This is Isaiah 44:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, I, God, Rock — and what happens in the verse to old, witnesses, any, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַֽל־תִּפְחֲדוּ֙ וְאַל־תִּרְה֔וּ הֲלֹ֥א מֵאָ֛ז הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥יךָ וְהִגַּ֖דְתִּי וְאַתֶּ֣ם עֵדָ֑י הֲיֵ֤שׁ אֱל֙וֹהַּ֙ מִבַּלְעָדַ֔י וְאֵ֥ין צ֖וּר בַּל־יָדָֽעְתִּי׃ [Fear ye not, neither be afraid; have I not announced unto thee of old, and declared it?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.977/) [And ye are My witnesses.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.978/) [Is there a God beside Me?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.979/) [Yea, there is no Rock; I know not any.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.980/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:886 # text = אַֽל־תִּפְחֲדוּ֙ וְאַל־תִּרְה֔וּ הֲלֹ֥א מֵאָ֛ז הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥יךָ וְהִגַּ֖דְתִּי וְאַתֶּ֣ם עֵדָ֑י הֲיֵ֤שׁ אֱל֙וֹהַּ֙ מִבַּלְעָדַ֔י וְאֵ֥ין צ֖וּר בַּל־יָדָֽעְתִּי׃ # verse = ISA.44.8 1 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=ISA_44:8!1|MId=o230440080011|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 2 תִּפְחֲדוּ֙ פָּחַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=be.in.dread|Ref=ISA_44:8!2|MId=o230440080021|Strong=6342|Frame=A0:230440060051;|Type=jussive 3-4 וְאַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:8!3|MId=o230440080031|Strong=2050b 4 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=ISA_44:8!3|MId=o230440080032|Strong=0408|Type=negative 5 תִּרְה֔וּ ירה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=fear|Ref=ISA_44:8!4|MId=o230440080041|Strong=7297a|Frame=A0:230440060051;|Type=jussive 6-7 הֲלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=ISA_44:8!5|MId=o230440080051|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 7 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_44:8!5|MId=o230440080052|Strong=3808|Type=negative 8-9 מֵאָ֛ז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_44:8!6|MId=o230440080061|Strong=4480 9 אָ֛ז אָז ADV _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=then|Ref=ISA_44:8!6|MId=o230440080062|Strong=0227 10-11 הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥י שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=did|Ref=ISA_44:8!7|MId=o230440080071|Strong=8085|Frame=AA:230440060031;A0:230440080072;|Type=qatal 11 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=I.proclaim.to.you|Ref=ISA_44:8!7|MId=o230440080072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 12-13 וְהִגַּ֖דְתִּי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:8!8|MId=o230440080081|Strong=2050b 13 הִגַּ֖דְתִּי נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 10 conj _ Gloss=did.I.declare|Ref=ISA_44:8!8|MId=o230440080082|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:230440060031;|Type=qatal 14-15 וְאַתֶּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:8!9|MId=o230440080091|Strong=2050b 15 אַתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_44:8!9|MId=o230440080092|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 16-17 עֵדָ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 עֵד עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=witnesses|Ref=ISA_44:8!10|MId=o230440080101|Strong=5707 17 ָ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[are].my|Ref=ISA_44:8!10|MId=o230440080102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 18-19 הֲיֵ֤שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=[is]|Ref=ISA_44:8!11|MId=o230440080111|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 19 יֵ֤שׁ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=there?|Ref=ISA_44:8!11|MId=o230440080112|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative 20 אֱל֙וֹהַּ֙ אֱלֹוהַּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=a.god|Ref=ISA_44:8!12|MId=o230440080121|Strong=0433 21-23 מִבַּלְעָדַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(from)|Ref=ISA_44:8!13|MId=o230440080131|Strong=4480 22 בַּלְעָד בִּלְעֲדֵי ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=except|Ref=ISA_44:8!13|MId=o230440080132|Strong=1107 23 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=ISA_44:8!13|MId=o230440080133|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 24-25 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:8!14|MId=o230440080141|Strong=2050b 25 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=ISA_44:8!14|MId=o230440080142|Strong=0369|Type=negative 26 צ֖וּר צוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=a.rock|Ref=ISA_44:8!15|MId=o230440080151|Strong=6697 27 בַּל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_44:8!16|MId=o230440080161|Strong=1077|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 28 יָדָֽעְתִּי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.know|Ref=ISA_44:8!17|MId=o230440080171|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:230440060031;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=ISA_44:8!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תִּפְחֲדוּ *be in dread* | jussive · qal | | | | | | **not** תִּרְהוּ *fear* | jussive · qal | | | | | | **not** הִשְׁמַעְתִּי *did* | qatal · hiphil | ךָ *I proclaim to you* | | | | | הִגַּדְתִּי *did I declare* | qatal · hiphil | | | | | | **not** יָדָֽעְתִּי *I know* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לָא תִדַחֲלוּן וְלָא תִתַּבְּרוּן הֲלָא מִבְּכֵן בְסַרְתָּךְ וְחַוֵיתִי וְאַתּוּן סָהֲדִין קֳדָמַי הֲאִית אֱלָהָא בַּר מִנִי וְלֵית דְתַקִיף אֱלָהֵן דְמִן קֳדָמַי מִתְיְהַב לֵיהּ תְּקוֹף: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Fear ye not, neither be afraid; have I not announced unto thee of old, and declared it?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.977/) 2. [And ye are My witnesses.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.978/) 3. [Is there a God beside Me?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.979/) 4. [Yea, there is no Rock; I know not any.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.980/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:886`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 44:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.7/) - next →: [Isaiah 44:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.9/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/)