--- title: Isaiah 44:9 — They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their d… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their delectable things shall not profit; and their own witnesses see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed. Who acts: delectable things, own witnesses, witnesses. Isaiah 44:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/) / 44:9 # Isaiah 44:9 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** delectable things, own witnesses, witnesses · **What happens:** fashion, be, not profit, not see, know · **To what, where:** graven image, all This is Isaiah 44:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — delectable things, own witnesses, witnesses — and what happens in the verse to graven image, all, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יֹֽצְרֵי־פֶ֤סֶל כֻּלָּם֙ תֹּ֔הוּ וַחֲמוּדֵיהֶ֖ם בַּל־יוֹעִ֑ילוּ וְעֵדֵיהֶ֣ם הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄבַּל־יִרְא֛וּ וּבַל־יֵדְע֖וּ לְמַ֥עַן יֵבֹֽשׁוּ׃ [They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their delectable things shall not profit; and their own witnesses see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.981/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:887 # text = יֹֽצְרֵי־פֶ֤סֶל כֻּלָּם֙ תֹּ֔הוּ וַחֲמוּדֵיהֶ֖ם בַּל־יוֹעִ֑ילוּ וְעֵדֵיהֶ֣ם הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄבַּל־יִרְא֛וּ וּבַל־יֵדְע֖וּ לְמַ֥עַן יֵבֹֽשׁוּ׃ # verse = ISA.44.9 1 יֹֽצְרֵי־ יָצַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 dislocated _ Gloss=[those.who].form|Ref=ISA_44:9!1|MId=o230440090011|Strong=3335|Frame=A1:230440090021;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 2 פֶ֤סֶל פֶּסֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).an.idol|Ref=ISA_44:9!2|MId=o230440090021|Strong=6459 3-4 כֻּלָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=ISA_44:9!3|MId=o230440090031|Strong=3605 4 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_44:9!3|MId=o230440090032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 תֹּ֔הוּ תֹּהוּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[are].nothingness|Ref=ISA_44:9!4|MId=o230440090041|Strong=8414 6-8 וַחֲמוּדֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:9!5|MId=o230440090051|Strong=2050b 7 חֲמוּדֵי חָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=their.desired|Ref=ISA_44:9!5|MId=o230440090052|Strong=2530|Type=participle_passive 8 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[things]|Ref=ISA_44:9!5|MId=o230440090053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 9 בַּל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_44:9!6|MId=o230440090061|Strong=1077|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 10 יוֹעִ֑ילוּ יָעַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.confer.profit|Ref=ISA_44:9!7|MId=o230440090071|Strong=3276|Frame=A0:230440090052;|Type=yiqtol 11-13 וְעֵדֵיהֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:9!8|MId=o230440090081|Strong=2050b 12 עֵדֵי עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=witnesses|Ref=ISA_44:9!8|MId=o230440090082|Strong=5707 13 הֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_44:9!8|MId=o230440090083|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-15 הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄבַּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄ הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=ISA_44:9!9|MId=o230440090091|Strong=1992|Type=personal 15 בַּל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_44:9!10|MId=o230440090101|Strong=1077|Type=negative 16 יִרְא֛וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=they.see|Ref=ISA_44:9!11|MId=o230440090111|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:230440090011;|Type=yiqtol 17-18 וּבַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_44:9!12|MId=o230440090121|Strong=2050b 18 בַל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_44:9!12|MId=o230440090122|Strong=1077|Type=negative 19 יֵדְע֖וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=they.know|Ref=ISA_44:9!13|MId=o230440090131|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:230440090011;|Type=yiqtol 20 לְמַ֥עַן לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=so.that|Ref=ISA_44:9!14|MId=o230440090141|Strong=4616 21 יֵבֹֽשׁוּ בּוֹשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 16 parataxis _ Gloss=they.may.be.ashamed|Ref=ISA_44:9!15|MId=o230440090151|Strong=0954|Frame=A0:230440090011;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=ISA_44:9!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹֽצְרֵי־ *\[those who\] form* | participle active · qal | | פֶסֶל *(of) an idol* | | | | **not** יוֹעִילוּ *they confer profit* | yiqtol · hiphil | חֲמוּדֵי *their desired* | | | | | **not** יִרְאוּ *they see* | yiqtol · qal | יֹֽצְרֵי־ *\[those who\] form* | | | | | **not** יֵדְעוּ *they know* | yiqtol · qal | יֹֽצְרֵי־ *\[those who\] form* | | | | | יֵבֹֽשׁוּ *they may be ashamed* | yiqtol · qal | יֹֽצְרֵי־ *\[those who\] form* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} עַבְדֵי צַלְמַיָא כּוּלְהוֹן לְמָא וּפָלְחֵיהוֹן דְלָא יַהֲנוּן לְהוֹן וְסָהֲדִין אִינוּן בְּנַפְשָׁתֵיהוֹן דְלָא חָזָן וְלָא יָדְעִין בְּדִין דְיִבַּהֲתוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their delectable things shall not profit; and their own witnesses see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.981/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:887`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 44:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.8/) - next →: [Isaiah 44:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.10/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/)