--- title: Isaiah 45:1 — Thus saith the LORD to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I ha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him, and to loose the loins of kings; to open the doors before him, and that the gates may not be shut: Who acts: LORD, I. Isaiah 45:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/45/) / 45:1 # Isaiah 45:1 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, I · **What happens:** say, holden, subdue, loose, open, not shut · **To what, where:** Cyrus, right hand, nations, loins, doors, gates · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 45:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I — and what happens in the verse to Cyrus, right hand, nations, loins, doors, gates, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לִמְשִׁיחוֹ֮ לְכ֣וֹרֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱזַ֣קְתִּי בִֽימִינ֗וֹ לְרַד־לְפָנָיו֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וּמָתְנֵ֥י מְלָכִ֖ים אֲפַתֵּ֑חַ לִפְתֹּ֤חַ לְפָנָיו֙ דְּלָתַ֔יִם וּשְׁעָרִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִסָּגֵֽרוּ׃ [Thus saith the LORD to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him, and to loose the loins of kings; to open the doors before him, and that the gates may not be shut:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1002/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:907 # text = כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לִמְשִׁיחוֹ֮ לְכ֣וֹרֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱזַ֣קְתִּי בִֽימִינ֗וֹ לְרַד־לְפָנָיו֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וּמָתְנֵ֥י מְלָכִ֖ים אֲפַתֵּ֑חַ לִפְתֹּ֤חַ לְפָנָיו֙ דְּלָתַ֔יִם וּשְׁעָרִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִסָּגֵֽרוּ׃ # verse = ISA.45.1 1 כֹּה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=ISA_45:1!1|MId=o230450010011|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 2 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=ISA_45:1!2|MId=o230450010021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230450010031;|Type=qatal 3 יְהוָה֮ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_45:1!3|MId=o230450010031|Strong=3068 4-6 לִמְשִׁיחוֹ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_45:1!4|MId=o230450010041|Strong=3807a 5 מְשִׁיח מָשִׁיחַ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_45:1!4|MId=o230450010042|Strong=4899 6 וֹ֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=anointed|Ref=ISA_45:1!4|MId=o230450010043|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 לְכ֣וֹרֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_45:1!5|MId=o230450010051|Strong=3807a 8 כ֣וֹרֶשׁ כּוֹרֶשׁ PROPN _ _ 5 nmod _ Gloss=Cyrus|Ref=ISA_45:1!5|MId=o230450010052|Strong=3566 9 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=ISA_45:1!6|MId=o230450010061|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 10 הֶחֱזַ֣קְתִּי חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.have.taken.hold.|Ref=ISA_45:1!7|MId=o230450010071|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:230450010031;|Type=qatal 11-13 בִֽימִינ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בִֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_45:1!8|MId=o230450010081|Strong=0871a 12 ימִינ יָמִין NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=his.right|Ref=ISA_45:1!8|MId=o230450010082|Strong=3225 13 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=hand|Ref=ISA_45:1!8|MId=o230450010083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 לְרַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_45:1!9|MId=o230450010091|Strong=3807a 15 רַד־ רָדַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 advcl _ Gloss=subdue|Ref=ISA_45:1!9|MId=o230450010092|Strong=7286|Frame=A0:230450010031;A1:230450010111;|Type=infinitive_construct 16-18 לְפָנָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_45:1!10|MId=o230450010101|Strong=3807a 17 פָנָי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_45:1!10|MId=o230450010102|Strong=6440 18 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=ISA_45:1!10|MId=o230450010103|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19 גּוֹיִ֔ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=ISA_45:1!11|MId=o230450010111|Strong=1471 20-21 וּמָתְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=ISA_45:1!12|MId=o230450010121|Strong=2050b 21 מָתְנֵ֥י מׇתְנַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 23 obj _ Gloss=loins|Ref=ISA_45:1!12|MId=o230450010122|Strong=4975 22 מְלָכִ֖ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.kings|Ref=ISA_45:1!13|MId=o230450010131|Strong=4428 23 אֲפַתֵּ֑חַ פָּתַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 15 conj _ Gloss=I.will.loosen|Ref=ISA_45:1!14|MId=o230450010141|Strong=6605|Frame=A0:230450010031;A1:230450010122;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 לִפְתֹּ֤חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_45:1!15|MId=o230450010151|Strong=3807a 25 פְתֹּ֤חַ פָּתַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 15 conj _ Gloss=open|Ref=ISA_45:1!15|MId=o230450010152|Strong=6605|Frame=A0:230450010031;A1:230450010171;|Type=infinitive_construct 26-28 לְפָנָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_45:1!16|MId=o230450010161|Strong=3807a 27 פָנָי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_45:1!16|MId=o230450010162|Strong=6440 28 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=ISA_45:1!16|MId=o230450010163|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 דְּלָתַ֔יִם דֶּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 25 obj _ Gloss=doors|Ref=ISA_45:1!17|MId=o230450010171|Strong=1817 30-31 וּשְׁעָרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_45:1!18|MId=o230450010181|Strong=2050b 31 שְׁעָרִ֖ים שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ Gloss=gates|Ref=ISA_45:1!18|MId=o230450010182|Strong=8179 32 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_45:1!19|MId=o230450010191|Strong=3808|Type=negative 33 יִסָּגֵֽרוּ סָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.shut|Ref=ISA_45:1!20|MId=o230450010201|Strong=5462|Frame=A1:230450010182;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=ISA_45:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | הֶחֱזַקְתִּי *I have taken hold * | qatal · hiphil | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | רַד־ *subdue* | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | גּוֹיִם *nations* | | | | אֲפַתֵּחַ *I will loosen* | yiqtol · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | מָתְנֵי *loins* | | | | פְתֹּחַ *open* | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | דְּלָתַיִם *doors* | | | | **not** יִסָּגֵֽרוּ *they will be shut* | yiqtol · niphal | | שְׁעָרִים *gates* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ לִמְשִׁיחֵהּ לְכוֹרֶשׁ דְאַתְקְפֵית בִּימִינֵהּ לְמִמְסַר קֳדְמוֹהִי עַמְמִין וְחַרְצֵי מַלְכִין אַשְׁרֵי לְפַּתָּחָא קֳדָמוֹהִי דָשִׁין וְתַרְעִין לָא יִתְאַחָדוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him, and to loose the loins of kings; to open the doors before him, and that the gates may not be shut:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1002/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:907`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 44:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.28/) - next →: [Isaiah 45:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.2/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/45/)