--- title: Isaiah 45:16 — They shall be ashamed, yea, confounded, all of them; they shall go i… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: They shall be ashamed, yea, confounded, all of them; they shall go in confusion together that are makers of idols. Who acts: labour. Isaiah 45:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/45/) / 45:16 # Isaiah 45:16 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** labour · **What happens:** be, confound, go · **To what, where:** confusion, makers This is Isaiah 45:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — labour — and what happens in the verse to confusion, makers, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בּ֥וֹשׁוּ וְגַֽם־נִכְלְמ֖וּ כֻּלָּ֑ם יַחְדָּו֙ הָלְכ֣וּ בַכְּלִמָּ֔ה חָרָשֵׁ֖י צִירִֽים׃ [They shall be ashamed, yea, confounded, all of them; they shall go in confusion together that are makers of idols.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1018/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:922 # text = בּ֥וֹשׁוּ וְגַֽם־נִכְלְמ֖וּ כֻּלָּ֑ם יַחְדָּו֙ הָלְכ֣וּ בַכְּלִמָּ֔ה חָרָשֵׁ֖י צִירִֽים׃ # verse = ISA.45.16 1 בּ֥וֹשׁוּ בּוֹשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.be.ashamed|Ref=ISA_45:16!1|MId=o230450160011|Strong=0954|Frame=A0:230450160081;|Type=qatal 2-3 וְגַֽם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_45:16!2|MId=o230450160021|Strong=2050b 3 גַֽם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ISA_45:16!2|MId=o230450160022|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 4 נִכְלְמ֖וּ כָּלַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.put.to.shame|Ref=ISA_45:16!3|MId=o230450160031|Strong=3637|Frame=A0:230450160042;|Type=qatal 5-6 כֻּלָּ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=ISA_45:16!4|MId=o230450160041|Strong=3605 6 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_45:16!4|MId=o230450160042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7 יַחְדָּו֙ יָחְדָּו ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=together|Ref=ISA_45:16!5|MId=o230450160051|Strong=3162a 8 הָלְכ֣וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.walk|Ref=ISA_45:16!6|MId=o230450160061|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:230450160081;|Type=qatal 9-11 בַכְּלִמָּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_45:16!7|MId=o230450160071|Strong=0871a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_45:16!7|MId=o230450160071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 כְּלִמָּ֔ה כְּלִמָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=ignominy|Ref=ISA_45:16!7|MId=o230450160072|Strong=3639 12 חָרָשֵׁ֖י חָרָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=craftsmen|Ref=ISA_45:16!8|MId=o230450160081|Strong=2796 13 צִירִֽים צִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.images|Ref=ISA_45:16!9|MId=o230450160091|Strong=6736|SpaceAfter=No 14 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=ISA_45:16!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בּוֹשׁוּ *they will be ashamed* | qatal · qal | חָרָשֵׁי *craftsmen* | | | | | נִכְלְמוּ *they will be put to shame* | qatal · niphal | ָם *all* | | | | | הָלְכוּ *they will walk* | qatal · qal | חָרָשֵׁי *craftsmen* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּהִיתוּ וְאַף אִתְכַּנִעוּ כּוּלְהוֹן כַּחֲדָא הֲלִיכוּ בְּאִתְכַּנְעוּ פָּלְחֵי צַלְמַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [They shall be ashamed, yea, confounded, all of them; they shall go in confusion together that are makers of idols.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1018/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:922`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 45:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.15/) - next →: [Isaiah 45:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.17/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/45/)