--- title: Isaiah 45:18 — For thus saith the LORD that created the heavens, He is God; that fo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For thus saith the LORD that created the heavens, He is God; that formed the earth and made it, He established it, He created it not a waste, He formed it to be inhabited: I am the LORD, and there is none else. Who acts: LORD, that, I, none. Isaiah 45:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/45/) / 45:18 # Isaiah 45:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, that, I, none · **What happens:** say, create, be, form, make, establish · **To what, where:** heavens, God, earth, waste, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 45:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, that, I, none — and what happens in the verse to heavens, God, earth, waste, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְ֠הוָה בּוֹרֵ֨א הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים יֹצֵ֨ר הָאָ֤רֶץ וְעֹשָׂהּ֙ ה֣וּא כֽוֹנְנָ֔הּ לֹא־תֹ֥הוּ בְרָאָ֖הּ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת יְצָרָ֑הּ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין עֽוֹד׃ [For thus saith the LORD that created the heavens, He is God; that formed the earth and made it, He established it, He created it not a waste, He formed it to be inhabited: I am the LORD, and there is none else.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1020/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:924 # text = כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְ֠הוָה בּוֹרֵ֨א הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים יֹצֵ֨ר הָאָ֤רֶץ וְעֹשָׂהּ֙ ה֣וּא כֽוֹנְנָ֔הּ לֹא־תֹ֥הוּ בְרָאָ֖הּ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת יְצָרָ֑הּ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין עֽוֹד׃ # verse = ISA.45.18 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_45:18!1|MId=o230450180011|Strong=3588 2 כֹ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=ISA_45:18!2|MId=o230450180021|Strong=3541 3 אָֽמַר־ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=ISA_45:18!3|MId=o230450180031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230450180041;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְ֠הוָה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_45:18!4|MId=o230450180041|Strong=3068 5 בּוֹרֵ֨א בָּרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=[who].created|Ref=ISA_45:18!5|MId=o230450180051|Strong=1254|Frame=A0:230450180041;A1:230450180062;|Type=participle_active 6-7 הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_45:18!6|MId=o230450180061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 שָּׁמַ֜יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obj _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=ISA_45:18!6|MId=o230450180062|Strong=8064 8 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_45:18!7|MId=o230450180071|Strong=1931|Type=personal 9-10 הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=[is].(the)|Ref=ISA_45:18!8|MId=o230450180081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 acl _ Gloss=God|Ref=ISA_45:18!8|MId=o230450180082|Strong=0430 11 יֹצֵ֨ר יָצַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=[who].formed|Ref=ISA_45:18!9|MId=o230450180091|Strong=3335|Frame=A0:230450180041;A1:230450180102;|Type=participle_active 12-13 הָאָ֤רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_45:18!10|MId=o230450180101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 אָ֤רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=ISA_45:18!10|MId=o230450180102|Strong=0776 14-16 וְעֹשָׂהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and.[who]|Ref=ISA_45:18!11|MId=o230450180111|Strong=2050b 15 עֹשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=made|Ref=ISA_45:18!11|MId=o230450180112|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:230450180041;A1:230450180113;|Type=participle_active 16 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_45:18!11|MId=o230450180113|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_45:18!12|MId=o230450180121|Strong=1931|Type=personal 18-19 כֽוֹנְנָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 כֽוֹנְנ כּוּן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_45:18!13|MId=o230450180131|Strong=3559|Frame=A0:230450180121;A1:230450180132;|Type=qatal 19 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ Gloss=established.it|Ref=ISA_45:18!13|MId=o230450180132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 20 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_45:18!14|MId=o230450180141|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 21 תֹ֥הוּ תֹּהוּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=a.wasteland|Ref=ISA_45:18!15|MId=o230450180151|Strong=8414 22-23 בְרָאָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בְרָא בָּרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_45:18!16|MId=o230450180161|Strong=1254|Frame=A0:230450180041;A1:230450180162;|Type=qatal 23 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=created.it|Ref=ISA_45:18!16|MId=o230450180162|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 24-25 לָשֶׁ֣בֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_45:18!17|MId=o230450180171|Strong=3807a 25 שֶׁ֣בֶת יָשַׁב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 26 advcl _ Gloss=dwell.in|Ref=ISA_45:18!17|MId=o230450180172|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:;|Type=infinitive_construct 26-27 יְצָרָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 יְצָר יָצַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_45:18!18|MId=o230450180181|Strong=3335|Frame=A0:230450180041;A1:230450180182;|Type=qatal 27 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=formed.it|Ref=ISA_45:18!18|MId=o230450180182|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 28 אֲנִ֥י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_45:18!19|MId=o230450180191|Strong=0589|Type=personal 29 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].Yahweh|Ref=ISA_45:18!20|MId=o230450180201|Strong=3068 30-31 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_45:18!21|MId=o230450180211|Strong=2050b 31 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 29 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=ISA_45:18!21|MId=o230450180212|Strong=0369|Type=negative 32 עֽוֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 31 nsubj _ Gloss=yet|Ref=ISA_45:18!22|MId=o230450180221|Strong=5750|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=ISA_45:18!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָֽמַר־ *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | בּוֹרֵא *\[who\] created* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | שָּׁמַיִם *heavens* | | | | יֹצֵר *\[who\] formed* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | אָרֶץ *earth* | | | | עֹשׂ *made* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ָהּ *it* | | | | כֽוֹנְנ *he* | qatal · polel | הוּא *he* | ָהּ *established it* | | | | **not** בְרָא *he* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ָהּ *created it* | | | | שֶׁבֶת *dwell in* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | יְצָר *he* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ָהּ *formed it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי כִדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ דִי בְרָא שְׁמַיָא הוּא אֱלֹהִים דְשַׁכְלִיל אַרְעָא וְעָבְדָהּ הוּא אַתְקְנָהּ לָא לְרֵיקָנוּ בְרָהּ אֱלָהֵין לְאַסְגָאָה עֲלָהּ בְּנֵי אֱנָשָׁא אַתְקְנָא אֲנָא יְיָ וְלֵית עוֹד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For thus saith the LORD that created the heavens, He is God; that formed the earth and made it, He established it, He created it not a waste, He formed it to be inhabited: I am the LORD, and there is none else.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1020/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:924`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 45:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.17/) - next →: [Isaiah 45:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.19/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/45/)