--- title: Isaiah 45:19 — I have not spoken in secret, in a place of the land of darkness; I s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I have not spoken in secret, in a place of the land of darkness; I said not unto the seed of Jacob: 'Seek ye Me in vain'; I the LORD speak righteousness, I declare things that are right. Who acts: I, ye, things. Isaiah 45:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/45/) / 45:19 # Isaiah 45:19 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, ye, things · **What happens:** not speak, not say, seek, speak, declare, be · **To what, where:** secret, Me, vain, righteousness, things · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 45:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, ye, things — and what happens in the verse to secret, Me, vain, righteousness, things, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לֹ֧א בַסֵּ֣תֶר דִּבַּ֗רְתִּי בִּמְקוֹם֙ אֶ֣רֶץ חֹ֔שֶׁךְ לֹ֥א אָמַ֛רְתִּי לְזֶ֥רַע יַעֲקֹ֖ב תֹּ֣הוּ בַקְּשׁ֑וּנִי אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ דֹּבֵ֣ר צֶ֔דֶק מַגִּ֖יד מֵישָׁרִֽים׃ [I have not spoken in secret, in a place of the land of darkness; I said not unto the seed of Jacob: 'Seek ye Me in vain'; I the LORD speak righteousness, I declare things that are right.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1021/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:925 # text = לֹ֧א בַסֵּ֣תֶר דִּבַּ֗רְתִּי בִּמְקוֹם֙ אֶ֣רֶץ חֹ֔שֶׁךְ לֹ֥א אָמַ֛רְתִּי לְזֶ֥רַע יַעֲקֹ֖ב תֹּ֣הוּ בַקְּשׁ֑וּנִי אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ דֹּבֵ֣ר צֶ֔דֶק מַגִּ֖יד מֵישָׁרִֽים׃ # verse = ISA.45.19 1 לֹ֧א לֹא ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_45:19!1|MId=o230450190011|Strong=3808|Type=negative 2-4 בַסֵּ֣תֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_45:19!2|MId=o230450190021|Strong=0871a 3 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_45:19!2|MId=o230450190021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 סֵּ֣תֶר סֵתֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=secrecy|Ref=ISA_45:19!2|MId=o230450190022|Strong=5643 5 דִּבַּ֗רְתִּי דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.spoke|Ref=ISA_45:19!3|MId=o230450190031|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:230450180041;|Type=qatal 6-7 בִּמְקוֹם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_45:19!4|MId=o230450190041|Strong=0871a 7 מְקוֹם֙ מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=a.place|Ref=ISA_45:19!4|MId=o230450190042|Strong=4725 8 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.land|Ref=ISA_45:19!5|MId=o230450190051|Strong=0776 9 חֹ֔שֶׁךְ חֹשֶׁךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.darkness|Ref=ISA_45:19!6|MId=o230450190061|Strong=2822 10 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_45:19!7|MId=o230450190071|Strong=3808|Type=negative 11 אָמַ֛רְתִּי אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 ccomp _ Gloss=I.said|Ref=ISA_45:19!8|MId=o230450190081|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230450180041;|Type=qatal 12-13 לְזֶ֥רַע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_45:19!9|MId=o230450190091|Strong=3807a 13 זֶ֥רַע זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.offspring|Ref=ISA_45:19!9|MId=o230450190092|Strong=2233 14 יַעֲקֹ֖ב יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jacob|Ref=ISA_45:19!10|MId=o230450190101|Strong=3290 15 תֹּ֣הוּ תֹּהוּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=emptiness|Ref=ISA_45:19!11|MId=o230450190111|Strong=8414 16-17 בַקְּשׁ֑וּנִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בַקְּשׁ֑וּ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 11 ccomp _ Gloss=seek|Ref=ISA_45:19!12|MId=o230450190121|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:230450190092;A1:230450190122;|Type=imperative 17 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=ISA_45:19!12|MId=o230450190122|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 18 אֲנִ֤י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_45:19!13|MId=o230450190131|Strong=0589|Type=personal 19 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 16 parataxis _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_45:19!14|MId=o230450190141|Strong=3068 20 דֹּבֵ֣ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 19 appos _ Gloss=[am].speaking|Ref=ISA_45:19!15|MId=o230450190151|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:230450190141;A1:230450190161;|Type=participle_active 21 צֶ֔דֶק צֶדֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=righteousness|Ref=ISA_45:19!16|MId=o230450190161|Strong=6664 22 מַגִּ֖יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 19 appos _ Gloss=[I.am].declaring|Ref=ISA_45:19!17|MId=o230450190171|Strong=5046|Frame=AA:230450190141;A0:230450190181;|Type=participle_active 23 מֵישָׁרִֽים מֵישָׁרִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obj _ Gloss=uprightness(es)|Ref=ISA_45:19!18|MId=o230450190181|Strong=4339|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_45:19!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · neg | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** דִּבַּרְתִּי *I spoke* | qatal · piel | | | | | | **not** אָמַרְתִּי *I said* | qatal · qal | | | | | | בַקְּשׁוּ *seek* | imperative · piel | זֶרַע *the offspring* | נִי *me* | | | | דֹּבֵר *\[am\] speaking* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | צֶדֶק *righteousness* | | | | מַגִּיד *\[I am\] declaring* | participle active · hiphil | מֵישָׁרִֽים *uprightness(es)* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לָא בְסִתְרָא מַלְלֵית בַּאֲתַר אַרְעָא קָבֵל וְלָא אֲמָרֵית לְזַרְעָא דְבֵית יַעֲקֹב לְרֵיקָנוּ תְּבַעוּ דְחַלְתִּי אֲנָא יְיָ מְמַלֵל קְשׁוֹט מְחַוֵי כֵּיוְנָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I have not spoken in secret, in a place of the land of darkness; I said not unto the seed of Jacob: 'Seek ye Me in vain'; I the LORD speak righteousness, I declare things that are right.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1021/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:925`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 45:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.18/) - next →: [Isaiah 45:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.20/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/45/)