--- title: Isaiah 45:2 — I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight; I will… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight; I will break in pieces the doors of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron; Who acts: I. Isaiah 45:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/45/) / 45:2 # Isaiah 45:2 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** go, make, break, cut · **To what, where:** thee, crooked places, doors, pieces, bars, sunder This is Isaiah 45:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to thee, crooked places, doors, pieces, bars, sunder, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֲנִי֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ אֵלֵ֔ךְ וַהֲדוּרִ֖ים אֲיַשֵּׁ֑ר דַּלְת֤וֹת נְחוּשָׁה֙ אֲשַׁבֵּ֔ר וּבְרִיחֵ֥י בַרְזֶ֖ל אֲגַדֵּֽעַ׃ [I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight; I will break in pieces the doors of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1003/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:908 # text = אֲנִי֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ אֵלֵ֔ךְ וַהֲדוּרִ֖ים אֲיַשֵּׁ֑ר דַּלְת֤וֹת נְחוּשָׁה֙ אֲשַׁבֵּ֔ר וּבְרִיחֵ֥י בַרְזֶ֖ל אֲגַדֵּֽעַ׃ # verse = ISA.45.2 1 אֲנִי֙ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_45:2!1|MId=o230450020011|Strong=0589|Type=personal 2-4 לְפָנֶ֣יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_45:2!2|MId=o230450020021|Strong=3807a 3 פָנֶ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_45:2!2|MId=o230450020022|Strong=6440 4 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_45:2!2|MId=o230450020023|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 5 אֵלֵ֔ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.go|Ref=ISA_45:2!3|MId=o230450020031|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:230450020011;|Type=yiqtol 6-7 וַהֲדוּרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_45:2!4|MId=o230450020041|Strong=2050b 7 הֲדוּרִ֖ים הֲדוּרִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obj _ Gloss=the.mountainous.land(s)|Ref=ISA_45:2!4|MId=o230450020042|Strong=1921 8 אֲיַשֵּׁ֑ר יָשַׁר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 conj _ Gloss=I.will.make.smooth|Ref=ISA_45:2!6|MId=o230450020061|Strong=3474|Frame=A0:230450010031;A1:230450020042;|Type=yiqtol 9 דַּלְת֤וֹת דֶּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=doors|Ref=ISA_45:2!7|MId=o230450020071|Strong=1817 10 נְחוּשָׁה֙ נְחוּשָׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.bronze|Ref=ISA_45:2!8|MId=o230450020081|Strong=5154 11 אֲשַׁבֵּ֔ר שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.break|Ref=ISA_45:2!9|MId=o230450020091|Strong=7665|Frame=A0:230450010031;A1:230450020071;|Type=yiqtol 12-13 וּבְרִיחֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_45:2!10|MId=o230450020101|Strong=2050b 13 בְרִיחֵ֥י בְּרִיחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=bars|Ref=ISA_45:2!10|MId=o230450020102|Strong=1280 14 בַרְזֶ֖ל בַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.iron|Ref=ISA_45:2!11|MId=o230450020111|Strong=1270 15 אֲגַדֵּֽעַ גָּדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 conj _ Gloss=I.will.cut.through|Ref=ISA_45:2!12|MId=o230450020121|Strong=1438|Frame=A0:230450010031;A1:230450020102;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 16 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=ISA_45:2!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֵלֵךְ *I will go* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | | אֲיַשֵּׁר *I will make smooth* | yiqtol · piel | | הֲדוּרִים *the mountainous land(s)* | | | | אֲשַׁבֵּר *I will break* | yiqtol · piel | | דַּלְתוֹת *doors* | | | | אֲגַדֵּֽעַ *I will cut through* | yiqtol · piel | | בְרִיחֵי *bars* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מֵימְרִי קֳדָמָךְ יְהָךְ וְשׁוּרַיָא אֲכַבֵּשׁ דָשִׁין דִנְחָשׁ אֱתַּבֵר וְעַבְרִין דְבַרְזֶל אֲקַצֵץ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight; I will break in pieces the doors of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1003/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:908`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 45:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.1/) - next →: [Isaiah 45:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.3/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/45/)