--- title: Isaiah 46:1 — Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth; their idols are upon the beasts, and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth; their idols are upon the beasts, and upon the cattle; the things that ye carried about are made a load, a burden to the weary beast. Who acts: Bel, Nebo, idols, ye. Isaiah 46:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.46.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/46/) / 46:1 # Isaiah 46:1 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Bel, Nebo, idols, ye · **What happens:** bow down, stoop, be, carry, make · **To what, where:** things This is Isaiah 46:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Bel, Nebo, idols, ye — and what happens in the verse to things, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כָּרַ֥ע בֵּל֙ קֹרֵ֣ס נְב֔וֹ הָיוּ֙ עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֔ם לַחַיָּ֖ה וְלַבְּהֵמָ֑ה נְשֻׂאֹתֵיכֶ֣ם עֲמוּס֔וֹת מַשָּׂ֖א לַעֲיֵפָֽה׃ [Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth; their idols are upon the beasts, and upon the cattle; the things that ye carried about are made a load, a burden to the weary beast.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1030/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:932 # text = כָּרַ֥ע בֵּל֙ קֹרֵ֣ס נְב֔וֹ הָיוּ֙ עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֔ם לַחַיָּ֖ה וְלַבְּהֵמָ֑ה נְשֻׂאֹתֵיכֶ֣ם עֲמוּס֔וֹת מַשָּׂ֖א לַעֲיֵפָֽה׃ # verse = ISA.46.1 1 כָּרַ֥ע כָּרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.bowed.down|Ref=ISA_46:1!1|MId=o230460010011|Strong=3766|Frame=A0:230460010021;|Type=qatal 2 בֵּל֙ בֵּל PROPN _ _ 1 nsubj _ Gloss=Bel|Ref=ISA_46:1!2|MId=o230460010021|Strong=1078 3 קֹרֵ֣ס קָרַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].stooping.low|Ref=ISA_46:1!3|MId=o230460010031|Strong=7164|Frame=A0:230460010041;|Type=participle_active 4 נְב֔וֹ נְבוֹ PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Nebo|Ref=ISA_46:1!4|MId=o230460010041|Strong=5015 5 הָיוּ֙ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 cop _ Gloss=they.belong|Ref=ISA_46:1!5|MId=o230460010051|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230460010061;|Type=qatal 6-7 עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 עֲצַבֵּי עָצָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=idols|Ref=ISA_46:1!6|MId=o230460010061|Strong=6091 7 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_46:1!6|MId=o230460010062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8-10 לַחַיָּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_46:1!7|MId=o230460010071|Strong=3807a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_46:1!7|MId=o230460010071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 חַיָּ֖ה חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=animal[s]|Ref=ISA_46:1!7|MId=o230460010072|Strong=2416c 11-14 וְלַבְּהֵמָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_46:1!8|MId=o230460010081|Strong=2050b 12 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_46:1!8|MId=o230460010082|Strong=3807a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_46:1!8|MId=o230460010082ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 בְּהֵמָ֑ה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=cattle|Ref=ISA_46:1!8|MId=o230460010083|Strong=0929 15-16 נְשֻׂאֹתֵיכֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 נְשֻׂאֹתֵי נְשׂוּאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=burdens|Ref=ISA_46:1!9|MId=o230460010091|Strong=5385|Type=participle_passive 16 כֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_46:1!9|MId=o230460010092|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 17 עֲמוּס֔וֹת עָמַס VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 1 parataxis _ Gloss=[are].carried|Ref=ISA_46:1!10|MId=o230460010101|Strong=6006|Frame=A1:230460010091;|Type=participle_passive 18 מַשָּׂ֖א מַשָּׂא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 parataxis _ Gloss=a.load|Ref=ISA_46:1!11|MId=o230460010111|Strong=4853 19-20 לַעֲיֵפָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ISA_46:1!12|MId=o230460010121|Strong=3807a 20 עֲיֵפָֽה עָיֵף ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=a.weary.[animal]|Ref=ISA_46:1!12|MId=o230460010122|Strong=5889|Type=adjective 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=ISA_46:1!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | כָּרַע *he has bowed down* | qatal · qal | בֵּל *Bel* | | | | | קֹרֵס *\[is\] stooping low* | participle active · qal | נְבוֹ *Nebo* | | | | | הָיוּ *they belong* | qatal · qal | עֲצַבֵּי *idols* | | | | | עֲמוּסוֹת *\[are\] carried* | participle passive · qal | | נְשֻׂאֹתֵי *burdens* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} חֲמִיט בֵּל אִתְקְטֵף נְבוֹ הֲווֹ צַלְמָנֵיהוֹן דְמוּת חֵיוָא וּבְעִירָא מַטוּלֵי טַעֲוָתְהוֹן יַקִירִין עַל נָטְלֵיהוֹן וְאִנוּן מְשַׁלְהַיָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth; their idols are upon the beasts, and upon the cattle; the things that ye carried about are made a load, a burden to the weary beast.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1030/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:932`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 45:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.25/) - next →: [Isaiah 46:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.46.2/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/46/)