--- title: Isaiah 46:2 — They stoop, they bow down together, they could not deliver the burde… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: They stoop, they bow down together, they could not deliver the burden; and themselves are gone into captivity. Who acts: things. Isaiah 46:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.46.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/46/) / 46:2 # Isaiah 46:2 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** things · **What happens:** stoop, bow down, not deliver, go · **To what, where:** burden, things, captivity This is Isaiah 46:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — things — and what happens in the verse to burden, things, captivity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. קָרְס֤וּ כָֽרְעוּ֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו לֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ מַלֵּ֣ט מַשָּׂ֑א וְנַפְשָׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁבִ֥י הָלָֽכָה׃ס [They stoop, they bow down together, they could not deliver the burden; and themselves are gone into captivity.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1031/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:933 # text = קָרְס֤וּ כָֽרְעוּ֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו לֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ מַלֵּ֣ט מַשָּׂ֑א וְנַפְשָׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁבִ֥י הָלָֽכָה׃ס # verse = ISA.46.2 1 קָרְס֤וּ קָרַס VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.stooped.low|Ref=ISA_46:2!1|MId=o230460020011|Strong=7164|Frame=A0:230460010061;|Type=qatal 2 כָֽרְעוּ֙ כָּרַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.bowed.down|Ref=ISA_46:2!2|MId=o230460020021|Strong=3766|Frame=A0:230460010061;|Type=qatal 3 יַחְדָּ֔ו יָחְדָּו ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=together|Ref=ISA_46:2!3|MId=o230460020031|Strong=3162a 4 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_46:2!4|MId=o230460020041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 5 יָכְל֖וּ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.been.able|Ref=ISA_46:2!5|MId=o230460020051|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:230460010061;A1:230460020061;|Type=qatal 6 מַלֵּ֣ט מָלַט VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 5 ccomp _ Gloss=to.rescue|Ref=ISA_46:2!6|MId=o230460020061|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:230460010061;A1:230460020071;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 מַשָּׂ֑א מַשָּׂא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=a.burden|Ref=ISA_46:2!7|MId=o230460020071|Strong=4853 8-10 וְנַפְשָׁ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_46:2!8|MId=o230460020081|Strong=2050b 9 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=self|Ref=ISA_46:2!8|MId=o230460020082|Strong=5315 10 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_46:2!8|MId=o230460020083|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 11-13 בַּשְּׁבִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_46:2!9|MId=o230460020091|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_46:2!9|MId=o230460020091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 שְּׁבִ֥י שְׁבִי NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=captivity|Ref=ISA_46:2!9|MId=o230460020092|Strong=7628 14 הָלָֽכָה הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=it.has.gone|Ref=ISA_46:2!10|MId=o230460020101|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:230460020082;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 15 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=ISA_46:2!10|SpaceAfter=No 16 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=ISA_46:2!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָרְסוּ *they have stooped low* | qatal · qal | | | | | | כָֽרְעוּ *they have bowed down* | qatal · qal | | | | | | **not** יָכְלוּ *they have been able* | qatal · qal | | מַלֵּט *to rescue* | | | | מַלֵּט *to rescue* | infinitive construct · piel | | מַשָּׂא *a burden* | | | | הָלָֽכָה *it has gone* | qatal · qal | נַפְשׁ *self* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אִתְקְצִיצוּ וְאִתְקְטִפוּ כַּחֲדָא וְלָא יָכִילוּ לְשֵׁיזָבָא נַטְלֵיהוֹן וּפִלְחֵיהוֹן בְּשִׁבְיָא אֲזָלוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [They stoop, they bow down together, they could not deliver the burden; and themselves are gone into captivity.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1031/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:933`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 46:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.46.1/) - next →: [Isaiah 46:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.46.3/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/46/)