--- title: Isaiah 48:16 — Come ye near unto Me, hear ye this: From the beginning I have not sp… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Come ye near unto Me, hear ye this: From the beginning I have not spoken in secret; from the time that it was, there am I; and now the Lord GOD hath sent me, and His spirit. Who acts: ye, I, Lord GOD. Isaiah 48:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/48/) / 48:16 # Isaiah 48:16 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** ye, I, Lord GOD · **What happens:** come, hear, not speak, be, send · **To what, where:** this, beginning, me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 48:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, I, Lord GOD — and what happens in the verse to this, beginning, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. קִרְב֧וּ אֵלַ֣י שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֗את לֹ֤א מֵרֹאשׁ֙ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי מֵעֵ֥ת הֱיוֹתָ֖הּ שָׁ֣ם אָ֑נִי וְעַתָּ֗ה אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה שְׁלָחַ֖נִי וְרוּחֽוֹ׃פ [Come ye near unto Me, hear ye this: From the beginning I have not spoken in secret; from the time that it was, there am I; and now the Lord GOD hath sent me, and His spirit.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1076/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:975 # text = קִרְב֧וּ אֵלַ֣י שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֗את לֹ֤א מֵרֹאשׁ֙ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי מֵעֵ֥ת הֱיוֹתָ֖הּ שָׁ֣ם אָ֑נִי וְעַתָּ֗ה אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה שְׁלָחַ֖נִי וְרוּחֽוֹ׃פ # verse = ISA.48.16 1 קִרְב֧וּ קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=draw.near|Ref=ISA_48:16!1|MId=o230480160011|Strong=7126|Frame=A0:230480120031;|Type=imperative 2-3 אֵלַ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_48:16!2|MId=o230480160021|Strong=0413 3 ַ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=ISA_48:16!2|MId=o230480160022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 4 שִׁמְעוּ־ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=listen.to|Ref=ISA_48:16!3|MId=o230480160031|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:230480120031;A1:230480160041;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 5 זֹ֗את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 obj _ Gloss=this|Ref=ISA_48:16!4|MId=o230480160041|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 6 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_48:16!5|MId=o230480160051|Strong=3808|Type=negative 7-8 מֵרֹאשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=ISA_48:16!6|MId=o230480160061|Strong=4480 8 רֹאשׁ֙ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=beginning|Ref=ISA_48:16!6|MId=o230480160062|Strong=7218 9-11 בַּסֵּ֣תֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_48:16!7|MId=o230480160071|Strong=0871a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_48:16!7|MId=o230480160071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 סֵּ֣תֶר סֵתֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=secrecy|Ref=ISA_48:16!7|MId=o230480160072|Strong=5643 12 דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=I.have.spoken|Ref=ISA_48:16!8|MId=o230480160081|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:230480140091;|Type=qatal 13-14 מֵעֵ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_48:16!9|MId=o230480160091|Strong=4480 14 עֵ֥ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the.time|Ref=ISA_48:16!9|MId=o230480160092|Strong=6256 15-16 הֱיוֹתָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הֱיוֹת הָיָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 acl _ Gloss=happened|Ref=ISA_48:16!10|MId=o230480160101|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230480160102;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_48:16!10|MId=o230480160102|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17 שָׁ֣ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 12 ccomp _ Gloss=[was].there|Ref=ISA_48:16!11|MId=o230480160111|Strong=8033 18 אָ֑נִי אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_48:16!12|MId=o230480160121|Strong=0589|Type=personal 19-20 וְעַתָּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_48:16!13|MId=o230480160131|Strong=2050b 20 עַתָּ֗ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 1 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=ISA_48:16!13|MId=o230480160132|Strong=6258 21-22 אֲדֹנָ֧י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=ISA_48:16!14|MId=o230480160141|Strong=0136 22 ָ֧י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=ISA_48:16!14|MId=o230480160142|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 23 יְהוִ֛ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 21 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_48:16!15|MId=o230480160151|Strong=3069 24-25 שְׁלָחַ֖נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 שְׁלָח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 parataxis _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_48:16!16|MId=o230480160161|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:230480160141;A1:230480160162;230480160172;|Type=qatal 25 ַ֖נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=has.sent.me|Ref=ISA_48:16!16|MId=o230480160162|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 26-28 וְרוּחֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_48:16!17|MId=o230480160171|Strong=2050b 27 רוּח רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=spirit|Ref=ISA_48:16!17|MId=o230480160172|Strong=7307 28 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_48:16!17|MId=o230480160173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=ISA_48:16!17|SpaceAfter=No 30 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=ISA_48:16!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קִרְבוּ *draw near* | imperative · qal | | | | | | שִׁמְעוּ־ *listen to* | imperative · qal | | זֹאת *this* | | | | **not** דִּבַּרְתִּי *I have spoken* | qatal · piel | | | | | | הֱיוֹת *happened* | infinitive construct · qal | ָהּ *it* | | | | | שְׁלָח *he* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | ַנִי *has sent me* + רוּח *spirit* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אִתְקְרָבוּ לְמֵימְרִי שְׁמָעוּ דָא לָא מִן אַוְלָא בְּסִתְרָא מַלְלֵית מֵעִדַן דְאִתְפְּרִישׁוּ עַמְמַיָא מִדְחַלְתִּי תַּמָן אַבְרָהָם אֲבוּכוֹן קָרִיבְתֵּהּ לְפוּלְחָנִי אֲמַר נְבִיָא וּכְעַן יְיָ אֱלֹהִים שַׁלְחַנִי וּמֵימְרֵהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Come ye near unto Me, hear ye this: From the beginning I have not spoken in secret; from the time that it was, there am I; and now the Lord GOD hath sent me, and His spirit.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1076/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:975`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 48:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.15/) - next →: [Isaiah 48:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.17/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/48/)