--- title: Isaiah 48:21 — And they thirsted not when He led them through the deserts; He cause… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they thirsted not when He led them through the deserts; He caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them; He cleaved the rock also, and the waters gushed out.' Who acts: Chaldeans, LORD, waters. Isaiah 48:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/48/) / 48:21 # Isaiah 48:21 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Chaldeans, LORD, waters · **What happens:** not thirst, lead, cause, flow out, cleave, gush out · **To what, where:** Chaldeans, deserts, waters, rock This is Isaiah 48:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Chaldeans, LORD, waters — and what happens in the verse to Chaldeans, deserts, waters, rock, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלֹ֣א צָמְא֗וּ בָּחֳרָבוֹת֙ הֽוֹלִיכָ֔ם מַ֥יִם מִצּ֖וּר הִזִּ֣יל לָ֑מוֹ וַיִּ֨בְקַע־צ֔וּר וַיָּזֻ֖בוּ מָֽיִם׃ [And they thirsted not when He led them through the deserts; He caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them; He cleaved the rock also, and the waters gushed out.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1081/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:980 # text = וְלֹ֣א צָמְא֗וּ בָּחֳרָבוֹת֙ הֽוֹלִיכָ֔ם מַ֥יִם מִצּ֖וּר הִזִּ֣יל לָ֑מוֹ וַיִּ֨בְקַע־צ֔וּר וַיָּזֻ֖בוּ מָֽיִם׃ # verse = ISA.48.21 1-2 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_48:21!1|MId=o230480210011|Strong=2050b 2 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_48:21!1|MId=o230480210012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 צָמְא֗וּ צָמֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.thirsty|Ref=ISA_48:21!2|MId=o230480210021|Strong=6770|Frame=A0:230480170061;|Type=qatal 4-5 בָּחֳרָבוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_48:21!3|MId=o230480210031|Strong=0871a 5 חֳרָבוֹת֙ חׇרְבָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=the.waste.places|Ref=ISA_48:21!3|MId=o230480210032|Strong=2723 6-7 הֽוֹלִיכָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הֽוֹלִיכ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_48:21!4|MId=o230480210041|Strong=1980|Frame=AA:230480170031;A0:230480210042;|Type=qatal 7 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ Gloss=led.them|Ref=ISA_48:21!4|MId=o230480210042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8 מַ֥יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=water|Ref=ISA_48:21!5|MId=o230480210051|Strong=4325 9-10 מִצּ֖וּר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_48:21!6|MId=o230480210061|Strong=4480 10 צּ֖וּר צוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=a.rock|Ref=ISA_48:21!6|MId=o230480210062|Strong=6697 11 הִזִּ֣יל נָזַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=he.caused.to.flow|Ref=ISA_48:21!7|MId=o230480210071|Strong=5140|Frame=AA:230480170031;A0:230480210051;|Type=qatal 12-13 לָ֑מוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לָ֑ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ISA_48:21!8|MId=o230480210081|Strong=3807z 13 מוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=ISA_48:21!8|MId=o230480210082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-15 וַיִּ֨בְקַע־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_48:21!9|MId=o230480210091|Strong=2050b 15 יִּ֨בְקַע־ בָּקַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.split.open|Ref=ISA_48:21!9|MId=o230480210092|Strong=1234|Frame=A0:230480170031;A1:230480210101;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 צ֔וּר צוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=a.rock|Ref=ISA_48:21!10|MId=o230480210101|Strong=6697 17-18 וַיָּזֻ֖בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_48:21!11|MId=o230480210111|Strong=2050b 18 יָּזֻ֖בוּ זוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.flowed.out|Ref=ISA_48:21!11|MId=o230480210112|Strong=2100|Frame=A0:230480210121;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 מָֽיִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=ISA_48:21!12|MId=o230480210121|Strong=4325|SpaceAfter=No 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=ISA_48:21!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** צָמְאוּ *they were thirsty* | qatal · qal | | | | | | הֽוֹלִיכ *he* | qatal · hiphil | ָם *led them* | | | | | הִזִּיל *he caused to flow* | qatal · hiphil | מַיִם *water* | | | | | יִּבְקַע־ *he split open* | wayyiqtol · qal | | צוּר *a rock* | | | | יָּזֻבוּ *they flowed out* | wayyiqtol · qal | מָֽיִם *waters* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְלָא אַצְחֵינוּן בְּחָרְבָתָא דַבְּרִינוּן מַיָא מִטוּנְרָא אַפִּיק לְהוֹ וּבְזַע טִינְרָא וּנְגוּדוּ מַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they thirsted not when He led them through the deserts; He caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them; He cleaved the rock also, and the waters gushed out.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1081/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:980`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 48:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.20/) - next →: [Isaiah 48:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.22/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/48/)