--- title: Isaiah 48:5 — Therefore I have declared it to thee from of old; before it came to… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore I have declared it to thee from of old; before it came to pass I announced it to thee; lest thou shouldest say: 'Mine idol hath done them, and my graven image, and my molten image, hath commanded them.' Who acts: I, neck, thou, idol. Isaiah 48:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/48/) / 48:5 # Isaiah 48:5 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, neck, thou, idol, graven image, my · **What happens:** declare, come, pass, announce, say, do · **To what, where:** neck, thee, old, sinew · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 48:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, neck, thou, idol, graven image, my — and what happens in the verse to neck, thee, old, sinew, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאַגִּ֤יד לְךָ֙ מֵאָ֔ז בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֑יךָ פֶּן־תֹּאמַר֙ עָצְבִּ֣י עָשָׂ֔ם וּפִסְלִ֥י וְנִסְכִּ֖י צִוָּֽם׃ [Therefore I have declared it to thee from of old; before it came to pass I announced it to thee; lest thou shouldest say: 'Mine idol hath done them, and my graven image, and my molten image, hath commanded them.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1062/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:964 # text = וָאַגִּ֤יד לְךָ֙ מֵאָ֔ז בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֑יךָ פֶּן־תֹּאמַר֙ עָצְבִּ֣י עָשָׂ֔ם וּפִסְלִ֥י וְנִסְכִּ֖י צִוָּֽם׃ # verse = ISA.48.5 1-2 וָאַגִּ֤יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_48:5!1|MId=o230480050011|Strong=2050b 2 אַגִּ֤יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.declared.[them]|Ref=ISA_48:5!1|MId=o230480050012|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:230480020061;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_48:5!2|MId=o230480050021|Strong=3807a 4 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_48:5!2|MId=o230480050022|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 5-6 מֵאָ֔ז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_48:5!3|MId=o230480050031|Strong=4480 6 אָ֔ז אָז ADV _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=then|Ref=ISA_48:5!3|MId=o230480050032|Strong=0227 7-8 בְּטֶ֥רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_48:5!4|MId=o230480050041|Strong=0871a 8 טֶ֥רֶם טֶרֶם ADV _ _ 9 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_48:5!4|MId=o230480050042|Strong=2962 9 תָּב֖וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 parataxis _ Gloss=it.came|Ref=ISA_48:5!5|MId=o230480050051|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:230480030012;|Type=yiqtol 10-11 הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֑י שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_48:5!6|MId=o230480050061|Strong=8085|Frame=AA:230480020061;A0:230480050062;A1:230480030012;|Type=qatal 11 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=proclaimed.to.you|Ref=ISA_48:5!6|MId=o230480050062|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 12 פֶּן־ פֶּן SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=lest|Ref=ISA_48:5!7|MId=o230480050071|Strong=6435|SpaceAfter=No 13 תֹּאמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=you.should.say|Ref=ISA_48:5!8|MId=o230480050081|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230480010031;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 עָצְבִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עָצְבּ עֹצֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=idol|Ref=ISA_48:5!9|MId=o230480050091|Strong=6090 15 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ISA_48:5!9|MId=o230480050092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 16-17 עָשָׂ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 עָשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 ccomp _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_48:5!10|MId=o230480050101|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:230480050091;A1:230480050102;|Type=qatal 17 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=did.them|Ref=ISA_48:5!10|MId=o230480050102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-20 וּפִסְלִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_48:5!11|MId=o230480050111|Strong=2050b 19 פִסְל פֶּסֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=my.carved|Ref=ISA_48:5!11|MId=o230480050112|Strong=6459 20 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=image|Ref=ISA_48:5!11|MId=o230480050113|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 21-23 וְנִסְכִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_48:5!12|MId=o230480050121|Strong=2050b 22 נִסְכּ נֶסֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=my.molten|Ref=ISA_48:5!12|MId=o230480050122|Strong=5262a 23 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=image|Ref=ISA_48:5!12|MId=o230480050123|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 24-25 צִוָּֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 צִוּ צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_48:5!13|MId=o230480050131|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:230480050112;230480050122;A1:230480050132;|Type=qatal 25 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=commanded.them|Ref=ISA_48:5!13|MId=o230480050132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=ISA_48:5!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אַגִּיד *I declared \[them\]* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | | | | | | תָּבוֹא *it came* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | הִשְׁמַעְתִּי *I* | qatal · hiphil | ךָ *proclaimed to you* | | | | | תֹּאמַר *you should say* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | עָשׂ *it* | qatal · qal | עָצְבּ *idol* | ָם *did them* | | | | צִוּ *it* | qatal · piel | פִסְל *my carved* + נִסְכּ *my molten* | ָֽם *commanded them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְחַוֵיתִי לָךְ מִבְּכַן עַד לָא יֵיתְיָן בְּסַרְתָּךְ דִלְמָא תֵימַר דְחַלְתִּי עֲבַדְתִּינוּן וְצַלְמִי וּמַתָּכִי אַתְכִינוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore I have declared it to thee from of old; before it came to pass I announced it to thee; lest thou shouldest say: 'Mine idol hath done them, and my graven image, and my molten image, hath commanded them.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1062/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:964`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 48:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.4/) - next →: [Isaiah 48:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.6/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/48/)