--- title: Isaiah 49:23 — And kings shall be thy foster-fathers, and their queens thy nursing… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And kings shall be thy foster-fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers; they shall bow down to thee with their face to the earth, and lick the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD, for they shall not be ashamed that wait for Me. Who acts: kings, nursing mothers, thou, I. Isa --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.49.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/49/) / 49:23 # Isaiah 49:23 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** kings, nursing mothers, thou, I · **What happens:** be, queen, bow down, lick, know, not be · **To what, where:** foster fathers, dust, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 49:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — kings, nursing mothers, thou, I — and what happens in the verse to foster fathers, dust, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָי֨וּ מְלָכִ֜ים אֹֽמְנַ֗יִךְ וְשָׂרֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ מֵינִ֣יקֹתַ֔יִךְ אַפַּ֗יִם אֶ֚רֶץ יִשְׁתַּ֣חֲווּ לָ֔ךְ וַעֲפַ֥ר רַגְלַ֖יִךְ יְלַחֵ֑כוּ וְיָדַ֙עַתְּ֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ קוָֹֽי׃ס [And kings shall be thy foster-fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers; they shall bow down to thee with their face to the earth, and lick the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD, for they shall not be ashamed that wait for Me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1109/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:1004 # text = וְהָי֨וּ מְלָכִ֜ים אֹֽמְנַ֗יִךְ וְשָׂרֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ מֵינִ֣יקֹתַ֔יִךְ אַפַּ֗יִם אֶ֚רֶץ יִשְׁתַּ֣חֲווּ לָ֔ךְ וַעֲפַ֥ר רַגְלַ֖יִךְ יְלַחֵ֑כוּ וְיָדַ֙עַתְּ֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ קוָֹֽי׃ס # verse = ISA.49.23 1-2 וְהָי֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_49:23!1|MId=o230490230011|Strong=2050b 2 הָי֨וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 cop _ Gloss=they.will.be|Ref=ISA_49:23!1|MId=o230490230012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230490230021;|Type=weqatal 3 מְלָכִ֜ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=ISA_49:23!2|MId=o230490230021|Strong=4428 4-5 אֹֽמְנַ֗יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֹֽמְנַ֗י אָמַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=foster-fathers|Ref=ISA_49:23!3|MId=o230490230031|Strong=0539a|Type=participle_active 5 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_49:23!3|MId=o230490230032|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 6-8 וְשָׂרֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_49:23!4|MId=o230490230041|Strong=2050b 7 שָׂרֽוֹתֵי שָׂרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 conj _ Gloss=their.noble|Ref=ISA_49:23!4|MId=o230490230042|Strong=8282 8 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=ladies|Ref=ISA_49:23!4|MId=o230490230043|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 9-10 מֵינִ֣יקֹתַ֔יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מֵינִ֣יקֹתַ֔י מֵינֶקֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 7 obj _ Gloss=nurses|Ref=ISA_49:23!5|MId=o230490230051|Strong=3243a|Type=participle_active 10 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your.wet|Ref=ISA_49:23!5|MId=o230490230052|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 11 אַפַּ֗יִם אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 13 obj _ Gloss=faces|Ref=ISA_49:23!6|MId=o230490230061|Strong=0639 12 אֶ֚רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=ISA_49:23!7|MId=o230490230071|Strong=0776 13 יִשְׁתַּ֣חֲווּ חוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.bow.down|Ref=ISA_49:23!8|MId=o230490230081|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:230490230021;230490230042;A1:230490230061;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 לָ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ל לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_49:23!9|MId=o230490230091|Strong=3807a 15 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_49:23!9|MId=o230490230092|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 16-17 וַעֲפַ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_49:23!10|MId=o230490230101|Strong=2050b 17 עֲפַ֥ר עָפָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=the.dust|Ref=ISA_49:23!10|MId=o230490230102|Strong=6083 18-19 רַגְלַ֖יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 רַגְלַ֖י רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.feet|Ref=ISA_49:23!11|MId=o230490230111|Strong=7272 19 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_49:23!11|MId=o230490230112|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 20 יְלַחֵ֑כוּ לָחַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.will.lick.up|Ref=ISA_49:23!12|MId=o230490230121|Strong=3897|Frame=A0:230490230021;230490230042;A1:230490230102;|Type=yiqtol 21-22 וְיָדַ֙עַתְּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_49:23!13|MId=o230490230131|Strong=2050b 22 יָדַ֙עַתְּ֙ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=you.will.know|Ref=ISA_49:23!13|MId=o230490230132|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:230490140021;A1:230490230161;230490230191;|Type=weqatal 23 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=ISA_49:23!14|MId=o230490230141|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 24 אֲנִ֣י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_49:23!15|MId=o230490230151|Strong=0589|Type=personal 25 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 22 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].Yahweh|Ref=ISA_49:23!16|MId=o230490230161|Strong=3068 26 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=ISA_49:23!17|MId=o230490230171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 27 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_49:23!18|MId=o230490230181|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 28 יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ בּוֹשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.be.ashamed|Ref=ISA_49:23!19|MId=o230490230191|Strong=0954|Frame=A0:230490230201;|Type=yiqtol 29-30 קוָֹֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 קוֹ קָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ Gloss=[those|Ref=ISA_49:23!20|MId=o230490230201|Strong=6960|Frame=A1:230490230202;|Type=participle_active 30 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].wait.for.me|Ref=ISA_49:23!20|MId=o230490230202|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=ISA_49:23!20|SpaceAfter=No 32 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=ISA_49:23!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיוּ *they will be* | weqatal · qal | מְלָכִים *kings* | | | | | יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ *they will bow down* | yiqtol | מְלָכִים *kings* + שָׂרֽוֹתֵי *their noble* | אַפַּיִם *faces* | | | | יְלַחֵכוּ *they will lick up* | yiqtol · piel | מְלָכִים *kings* + שָׂרֽוֹתֵי *their noble* | עֲפַר *the dust* | | | | יָדַעַתְּ *you will know* | weqatal · qal | | יְהוָה *\[am\] Yahweh* + יֵבֹשׁוּ *they will be ashamed* | | | | **not** יֵבֹשׁוּ *they will be ashamed* | yiqtol · qal | קוֹ *\[those* | | | | | קוֹ *\[those* | participle active · qal | | ָֽי *who\] wait for me* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהוֹן מַלְכַיָא תּוּרְבְּיָנָךְ וּמַלְכְּוַתְהוֹן יְשַׁמְשׁוּנִיךְ עַל אַפֵּיהוֹן עַל אַרְעָא יִשְׁתַּטְחוּן לְמִבְעֵי מִנִיךְ וַעֲפַר רִגְלָךְ יְלַחֲכוּן וְתֵידְעִין אֲרֵי אֲנָא יְיָ דְלָא יִבְהֲתוּן צַדִיקַיָא דִמְסַבְרִין לְפוּרְקָנִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And kings shall be thy foster-fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers; they shall bow down to thee with their face to the earth, and lick the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD, for they shall not be ashamed that wait for Me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1109/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:1004`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 49:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.49.22/) - next →: [Isaiah 49:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.49.24/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/49/)