--- title: Isaiah 5:24 — Therefore as the tongue of fire devoureth the stubble, and as the ch… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore as the tongue of fire devoureth the stubble, and as the chaff is consumed in the flame, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust; because they have rejected the law of the LORD of hosts, and contemned the word of the Holy One of Israel. Who acts: tongue, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.5.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/5/) / 5:24 # Isaiah 5:24 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** tongue, root, blossom, lambs · **What happens:** devour, consume, be, go up, reject, contemn · **To what, where:** stubble, chaff, flame, law, word, Holy One This is Isaiah 5:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — tongue, root, blossom, lambs — and what happens in the verse to stubble, chaff, flame, law, word, Holy One, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵן֩ כֶּאֱכֹ֨ל קַ֜שׁ לְשׁ֣וֹן אֵ֗שׁ וַחֲשַׁ֤שׁ לֶֽהָבָה֙ יִרְפֶּ֔ה שָׁרְשָׁם֙ כַּמָּ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֔ה וּפִרְחָ֖ם כָּאָבָ֣ק יַעֲלֶ֑ה כִּ֣י מָאֲס֗וּ אֵ֚ת תּוֹרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְאֵ֛ת אִמְרַ֥ת קְדֽוֹשׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִאֵֽצוּ׃ [Therefore as the tongue of fire devoureth the stubble, and as the chaff is consumed in the flame, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust; because they have rejected the law of the LORD of hosts, and contemned the word of the Holy One of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.114/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:108 # text = לָכֵן֩ כֶּאֱכֹ֨ל קַ֜שׁ לְשׁ֣וֹן אֵ֗שׁ וַחֲשַׁ֤שׁ לֶֽהָבָה֙ יִרְפֶּ֔ה שָׁרְשָׁם֙ כַּמָּ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֔ה וּפִרְחָ֖ם כָּאָבָ֣ק יַעֲלֶ֑ה כִּ֣י מָאֲס֗וּ אֵ֚ת תּוֹרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְאֵ֛ת אִמְרַ֥ת קְדֽוֹשׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִאֵֽצוּ׃ # verse = ISA.5.24 1-2 לָכֵן֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=ISA_5:24!1|MId=o230050240011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵן֩ כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_5:24!1|MId=o230050240012|Strong=3651 3-4 כֶּאֱכֹ֨ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כֶּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=ISA_5:24!2|MId=o230050240021|Strong=3509a 4 אֱכֹ֨ל אָכַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 parataxis _ Gloss=consumes|Ref=ISA_5:24!2|MId=o230050240022|Strong=0398|Frame=A1:230050240031;A0:230050240041;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 קַ֜שׁ קַשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=stubble|Ref=ISA_5:24!3|MId=o230050240031|Strong=7179 6 לְשׁ֣וֹן לָשׁוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=a.tongue|Ref=ISA_5:24!4|MId=o230050240041|Strong=3956 7 אֵ֗שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.fire|Ref=ISA_5:24!5|MId=o230050240051|Strong=0784 8-9 וַחֲשַׁ֤שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_5:24!6|MId=o230050240061|Strong=2050b 9 חֲשַׁ֤שׁ חֲשַׁשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=dry.grass|Ref=ISA_5:24!6|MId=o230050240062|Strong=2842 10 לֶֽהָבָה֙ לֶהָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=a.flame|Ref=ISA_5:24!7|MId=o230050240071|Strong=3852 11 יִרְפֶּ֔ה רָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=it.sinks.down|Ref=ISA_5:24!8|MId=o230050240081|Strong=7503|Frame=A0:230050240062;|Type=yiqtol 12-13 שָׁרְשָׁם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 שָׁרְשׁ שֹׁרֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=root|Ref=ISA_5:24!9|MId=o230050240091|Strong=8328 13 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_5:24!9|MId=o230050240092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-16 כַּמָּ֣ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_5:24!10|MId=o230050240101|Strong=3509a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_5:24!10|MId=o230050240101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מָּ֣ק מַק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=rottenness|Ref=ISA_5:24!10|MId=o230050240102|Strong=4716 17 יִֽהְיֶ֔ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=ISA_5:24!11|MId=o230050240111|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230050240091;|Type=yiqtol 18-20 וּפִרְחָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_5:24!12|MId=o230050240121|Strong=2050b 19 פִרְח פֶּרַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=blossom|Ref=ISA_5:24!12|MId=o230050240122|Strong=6525 20 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_5:24!12|MId=o230050240123|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21-23 כָּאָבָ֣ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 כָּ כְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_5:24!13|MId=o230050240131|Strong=3509a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_5:24!13|MId=o230050240131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אָבָ֣ק אָבָק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=dust|Ref=ISA_5:24!13|MId=o230050240132|Strong=0080 24 יַעֲלֶ֑ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=it.will.go.up|Ref=ISA_5:24!14|MId=o230050240141|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:230050240122;|Type=yiqtol 25 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_5:24!15|MId=o230050240151|Strong=3588 26 מָאֲס֗וּ מָאַס VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.rejected|Ref=ISA_5:24!16|MId=o230050240161|Strong=3988|Frame=A0:230050220021;A1:230050240181;|Type=qatal 27 אֵ֚ת אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_5:24!17|MId=o230050240171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 28 תּוֹרַת֙ תּוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obj _ Gloss=the.law|Ref=ISA_5:24!18|MId=o230050240181|Strong=8451 29 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=ISA_5:24!19|MId=o230050240191|Strong=3068 30 צְבָא֔וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=ISA_5:24!20|MId=o230050240201|Strong=6635 31-32 וְאֵ֛ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_5:24!21|MId=o230050240211|Strong=2050b 32 אֵ֛ת אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_5:24!21|MId=o230050240212|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 33 אִמְרַ֥ת אִמְרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 36 obj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=ISA_5:24!22|MId=o230050240221|Strong=0565 34 קְדֽוֹשׁ־ קָדוֹשׁ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.holy.[one]|Ref=ISA_5:24!23|MId=o230050240231|Strong=6918|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 35 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=ISA_5:24!24|MId=o230050240241|Strong=3478 36 נִאֵֽצוּ נָאַץ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.have.spurned|Ref=ISA_5:24!25|MId=o230050240251|Strong=5006|Frame=A0:230050220021;A1:230050240221;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=ISA_5:24!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֱכֹל *consumes* | infinitive construct · qal | לְשׁוֹן *a tongue* | קַשׁ *stubble* | | | | יִרְפֶּה *it sinks down* | yiqtol · qal | חֲשַׁשׁ *dry grass* | | | | | יִֽהְיֶה *it will be* | yiqtol · qal | שָׁרְשׁ *root* | | | | | יַעֲלֶה *it will go up* | yiqtol · qal | פִרְח *blossom* | | | | | מָאֲסוּ *they have rejected* | qatal · qal | | תּוֹרַת *the law* | | | | נִאֵֽצוּ *they have spurned* | qatal · piel | | אִמְרַת *the word* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן יִתְאַכְּלוּן כְּקַשָׁא בְּאֶשְׁתָּא וְכַעֲמִירָא בְּשַׁלְהוֹבִיתָא מַסְגַן תּוּקְפְהוֹן כִּשְׁבַז יְהֵי וּמָמוֹן אוּנְסֵיהוֹן כְּאַבְקָא דְפָרַח אֲרֵי קָצוּ בְּאוֹרַיְתָא דַייָ צְבָאוֹת וְיַת מֵימַר קַדִישָׁא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל רְחִיקוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore as the tongue of fire devoureth the stubble, and as the chaff is consumed in the flame, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust; because they have rejected the law of the LORD of hosts, and contemned the word of the Holy One of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.114/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:108`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 5:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.5.23/) - next →: [Isaiah 5:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.5.25/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/5/)