--- title: Isaiah 51:13 — And hast forgotten the LORD thy Maker, that stretched forth the heav… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And hast forgotten the LORD thy Maker, that stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth; and fearest continually all the day because of the fury of the oppressor, as he maketh ready to destroy? And where is the fury of the oppressor? Who acts: LORD, fury. Isaiah 51:13 in Hebre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/51/) / 51:13 # Isaiah 51:13 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, fury · **What happens:** forget, stretch, lay, fear, make, destroy · **To what, where:** LORD, heavens, foundations, oppressor This is Isaiah 51:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, fury — and what happens in the verse to LORD, heavens, foundations, oppressor, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתִּשְׁכַּ֞ח יְהוָ֣ה עֹשֶׂ֗ךָ נוֹטֶ֣ה שָׁמַיִם֮ וְיֹסֵ֣ד אָרֶץ֒ וַתְּפַחֵ֨ד תָּמִ֜יד כָּל־הַיּ֗וֹם מִפְּנֵי֙ חֲמַ֣ת הַמֵּצִ֔יק כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר כּוֹנֵ֖ן לְהַשְׁחִ֑ית וְאַיֵּ֖ה חֲמַ֥ת הַמֵּצִֽיק׃ [And hast forgotten the LORD thy Maker, that stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth; and fearest continually all the day because of the fury of the oppressor, as he maketh ready to destroy?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1144/) [And where is the fury of the oppressor?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1145/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:1031 # text = וַתִּשְׁכַּ֞ח יְהוָ֣ה עֹשֶׂ֗ךָ נוֹטֶ֣ה שָׁמַיִם֮ וְיֹסֵ֣ד אָרֶץ֒ וַתְּפַחֵ֨ד תָּמִ֜יד כָּל־הַיּ֗וֹם מִפְּנֵי֙ חֲמַ֣ת הַמֵּצִ֔יק כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר כּוֹנֵ֖ן לְהַשְׁחִ֑ית וְאַיֵּ֖ה חֲמַ֥ת הַמֵּצִֽיק׃ # verse = ISA.51.13 1-2 וַתִּשְׁכַּ֞ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_51:13!1|MId=o230510130011|Strong=2050b 2 תִּשְׁכַּ֞ח שָׁכַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.have.forgotten|Ref=ISA_51:13!1|MId=o230510130012|Strong=7911|Frame=A0:230510110012;A1:230510130021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_51:13!2|MId=o230510130021|Strong=3068 4-5 עֹשֶׂ֗ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 עֹשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=[who].made|Ref=ISA_51:13!3|MId=o230510130031|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:230510130021;A1:230510130032;|Type=participle_active 5 ֶ֗ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_51:13!3|MId=o230510130032|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 6 נוֹטֶ֣ה נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=[who].stretched.out|Ref=ISA_51:13!4|MId=o230510130041|Strong=5186|Frame=A0:230510130021;A1:230510130051;|Type=participle_active 7 שָׁמַיִם֮ שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obj _ Gloss=[the].heavens|Ref=ISA_51:13!5|MId=o230510130051|Strong=8064 8-9 וְיֹסֵ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and.[who]|Ref=ISA_51:13!6|MId=o230510130061|Strong=2050b 9 יֹסֵ֣ד יָסַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=founded|Ref=ISA_51:13!6|MId=o230510130062|Strong=3245|Frame=A0:230510130021;A1:230510130071;|Type=participle_active 10 אָרֶץ֒ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=[the].earth|Ref=ISA_51:13!7|MId=o230510130071|Strong=0776 11-12 וַתְּפַחֵ֨ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_51:13!8|MId=o230510130081|Strong=2050b 12 תְּפַחֵ֨ד פָּחַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.have.been.in.dread|Ref=ISA_51:13!8|MId=o230510130082|Strong=6342|Frame=A0:230510110012;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 תָּמִ֜יד תָּמִיד ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 advmod _ Gloss=continually|Ref=ISA_51:13!9|MId=o230510130091|Strong=8548 14 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_51:13!10|MId=o230510130101|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הַיּ֗וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_51:13!11|MId=o230510130111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יּ֗וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=day|Ref=ISA_51:13!11|MId=o230510130112|Strong=3117 17-18 מִפְּנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_51:13!12|MId=o230510130121|Strong=4480 18 פְּנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_51:13!12|MId=o230510130122|Strong=6440 19 חֲמַ֣ת חֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.anger|Ref=ISA_51:13!13|MId=o230510130131|Strong=2534 20-21 הַמֵּצִ֔יק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_51:13!14|MId=o230510130141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מֵּצִ֔יק צוּק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.[one.who].oppresses|Ref=ISA_51:13!14|MId=o230510130142|Strong=6693|Type=participle_active 22-23 כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=when|Ref=ISA_51:13!15|MId=o230510130151|Strong=3509a 23 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_51:13!15|MId=o230510130152|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24 כּוֹנֵ֖ן כּוּן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.has.prepared|Ref=ISA_51:13!16|MId=o230510130161|Strong=3559|Frame=A0:230510130142;|Type=qatal 25-26 לְהַשְׁחִ֑ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_51:13!17|MId=o230510130171|Strong=3807a 26 הַשְׁחִ֑ית שָׁחַת VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 24 advcl _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=ISA_51:13!17|MId=o230510130172|Strong=7843|Frame=A0:230510130142;|Type=infinitive_construct 27-28 וְאַיֵּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_51:13!18|MId=o230510130181|Strong=2050b 28 אַיֵּ֖ה אַיֵּה PART _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=where?|Ref=ISA_51:13!18|MId=o230510130182|Strong=0346|Type=interrogative 29 חֲמַ֥ת חֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].the.anger|Ref=ISA_51:13!19|MId=o230510130191|Strong=2534 30-31 הַמֵּצִֽיק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_51:13!20|MId=o230510130201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 מֵּצִֽיק צוּק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.[one.who].oppresses|Ref=ISA_51:13!20|MId=o230510130202|Strong=6693|Type=participle_active 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=ISA_51:13!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּשְׁכַּח *you have forgotten* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | עֹשׂ *\[who\] made* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ֶךָ *you* | | | | נוֹטֶה *\[who\] stretched out* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | שָׁמַיִם *\[the\] heavens* | | | | יֹסֵד *founded* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | אָרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | | | תְּפַחֵד *you have been in dread* | wayyiqtol · piel | | | | | | כּוֹנֵן *he has prepared* | qatal · polel | מֵּצִיק *the \[one who\] oppresses* | | | | | הַשְׁחִית *destroy* | infinitive construct · hiphil | מֵּצִיק *the \[one who\] oppresses* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְנְשֵׁיתָא פּוּלְחָנָא דַייָ דְעָבְדָךְ דִתְלָא שְׁמַיָא וְשַׁכְלֵיל אַרְעָא וּדְחַלְתָּא תְדִירָא כָּל יוֹמָא מִן קֳדָם חֲמַת מְעִיקָא כְּמָא דִמְתַקְנִין לְחַבָּלָא וּכְעַן אָן הִיא חֲמַת דִמְעִיקָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And hast forgotten the LORD thy Maker, that stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth; and fearest continually all the day because of the fury of the oppressor, as he maketh ready to destroy?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1144/) 2. [And where is the fury of the oppressor?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1145/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:1031`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 51:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.12/) - next →: [Isaiah 51:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.14/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/51/)