--- title: Isaiah 51:19 — These two things are befallen thee; who shall bemoan thee? desolatio… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: These two things are befallen thee; who shall bemoan thee? desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword; how shall I comfort thee? Who acts: I. Isaiah 51:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/51/) / 51:19 # Isaiah 51:19 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** befall, bemoan, comfort · **To what, where:** two things, thee This is Isaiah 51:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to two things, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שְׁתַּ֤יִם הֵ֙נָּה֙ קֹֽרְאֹתַ֔יִךְ מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑ךְ הַשֹּׁ֧ד וְהַשֶּׁ֛בֶר וְהָרָעָ֥ב וְהַחֶ֖רֶב מִ֥י אֲנַחֲמֵֽךְ׃ [These two things are befallen thee; who shall bemoan thee? desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword; how shall I comfort thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1151/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:1037 # text = שְׁתַּ֤יִם הֵ֙נָּה֙ קֹֽרְאֹתַ֔יִךְ מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑ךְ הַשֹּׁ֧ד וְהַשֶּׁ֛בֶר וְהָרָעָ֥ב וְהַחֶ֖רֶב מִ֥י אֲנַחֲמֵֽךְ׃ # verse = ISA.51.19 1 שְׁתַּ֤יִם שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 0 root _ Gloss=two.[things]|Ref=ISA_51:19!1|MId=o230510190011|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 2 הֵ֙נָּה֙ הֵנָּה PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=those|Ref=ISA_51:19!2|MId=o230510190021|Strong=2007|Type=personal 3-4 קֹֽרְאֹתַ֔יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 קֹֽרְאֹתַ֔י קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 1 parataxis _ Gloss=[have].happened|Ref=ISA_51:19!3|MId=o230510190031|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:230510190011;A1:230510190032;|Type=participle_active 4 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=to.you|Ref=ISA_51:19!3|MId=o230510190032|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 5 מִ֖י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 6 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=ISA_51:19!4|MId=o230510190041|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 6 יָנ֣וּד נוּד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 ccomp _ Gloss=does.he.show.sympathy|Ref=ISA_51:19!5|MId=o230510190051|Strong=5110|Frame=A0:230510190041;|Type=yiqtol 7-8 לָ֑ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ל לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_51:19!6|MId=o230510190061|Strong=3807a 8 ָ֑ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_51:19!6|MId=o230510190062|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 9-10 הַשֹּׁ֧ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_51:19!7|MId=o230510190071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 שֹּׁ֧ד שֹׁד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ Gloss=devastation|Ref=ISA_51:19!7|MId=o230510190072|Strong=7701 11-13 וְהַשֶּׁ֛בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_51:19!8|MId=o230510190081|Strong=2050b 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_51:19!8|MId=o230510190082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 שֶּׁ֛בֶר שֶׁבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=destruction|Ref=ISA_51:19!8|MId=o230510190083|Strong=7667 14-16 וְהָרָעָ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_51:19!9|MId=o230510190091|Strong=2050b 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_51:19!9|MId=o230510190092|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 רָעָ֥ב רָעָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=famine|Ref=ISA_51:19!9|MId=o230510190093|Strong=7458 17-19 וְהַחֶ֖רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_51:19!10|MId=o230510190101|Strong=2050b 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_51:19!10|MId=o230510190102|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 חֶ֖רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=ISA_51:19!10|MId=o230510190103|Strong=2719 20 מִ֥י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 21 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=ISA_51:19!11|MId=o230510190111|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 21-22 אֲנַחֲמֵֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֲנַחֲמ נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 6 parataxis _ Gloss=do|Ref=ISA_51:19!12|MId=o230510190121|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:230510190111;A1:230510190122;|Type=yiqtol 22 ֵֽךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=I.comfort.you|Ref=ISA_51:19!12|MId=o230510190122|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=ISA_51:19!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קֹֽרְאֹתַי *\[have\] happened* | participle active · qal | שְׁתַּיִם *two \[things\]* | ִךְ *to you* | | | | יָנוּד *does he show sympathy* | yiqtol · qal | מִי *who?* | | | | | אֲנַחֲמ *do* | yiqtol · piel | מִי *who?* | ֵֽךְ *I comfort you* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} תַּרְתֵּין עָקָן אָתָאָה עֲלָךְ יְרוּשְׁלֵם לָא יְכֵילֵית לְמֵיקָם כַּד אַרְבַּע יֵיתוּן עֲלָךְ בִּיזָא וּתְבָרָא וְכַפְנָא וְחַרְבָּא לֵית דִי מְנַחֲמֵיךְ אֱלָהֵין אֲנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [These two things are befallen thee; who shall bemoan thee? desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword; how shall I comfort thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1151/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:1037`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 51:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.18/) - next →: [Isaiah 51:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.20/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/51/)