--- title: Isaiah 51:23 — And I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; that have… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; that have said to thy soul: 'Bow down, that we may go over'; and thou hast laid thy back as the ground, and as the street, to them that go over. Who acts: I, hand, we, thou. Isaiah 51:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/51/) / 51:23 # Isaiah 51:23 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, hand, we, thou · **What happens:** put, afflict, say, bow down, go over, lay · **To what, where:** cause, hand, thee, back, people · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 51:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, hand, we, thou — and what happens in the verse to cause, hand, thee, back, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ בְּיַד־מוֹגַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־אָמְר֥וּ לְנַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ שְׁחִ֣י וְנַעֲבֹ֑רָה וַתָּשִׂ֤ימִי כָאָ֙רֶץ֙ גֵּוֵ֔ךְ וְכַח֖וּץ לַעֹבְרִֽים׃ס [And I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; that have said to thy soul: 'Bow down, that we may go over'; and thou hast laid thy back as the ground, and as the street, to them that go over.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1155/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:1041 # text = וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ בְּיַד־מוֹגַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־אָמְר֥וּ לְנַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ שְׁחִ֣י וְנַעֲבֹ֑רָה וַתָּשִׂ֤ימִי כָאָ֙רֶץ֙ גֵּוֵ֔ךְ וְכַח֖וּץ לַעֹבְרִֽים׃ס # verse = ISA.51.23 1-3 וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_51:23!1|MId=o230510230011|Strong=2050b 2 שַׂמְתִּ֙י שׂים VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_51:23!1|MId=o230510230012|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:230510220031;A1:230510230013;|Type=weqatal 3 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=will.put.it|Ref=ISA_51:23!1|MId=o230510230013|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 4-5 בְּיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_51:23!2|MId=o230510230021|Strong=0871a 5 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=ISA_51:23!2|MId=o230510230022|Strong=3027 6-7 מוֹגַ֔יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מוֹגַ֔י יָגָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_51:23!3|MId=o230510230031|Strong=3013|Frame=A1:230510230032;|Type=participle_active 7 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[those.who].grieve.you|Ref=ISA_51:23!3|MId=o230510230032|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 8 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=ISA_51:23!4|MId=o230510230041|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 9 אָמְר֥וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=ISA_51:23!5|MId=o230510230051|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230510230031;A1:230510230071;230510230082;|Type=qatal 10-12 לְנַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_51:23!6|MId=o230510230061|Strong=3807a 11 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=self|Ref=ISA_51:23!6|MId=o230510230062|Strong=5315 12 ֵ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_51:23!6|MId=o230510230063|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 13 שְׁחִ֣י שָׁחָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 9 ccomp _ Gloss=bow.down|Ref=ISA_51:23!7|MId=o230510230071|Strong=7812|Frame=A0:230510220071;|Type=imperative 14-15 וְנַעֲבֹ֑רָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=ISA_51:23!8|MId=o230510230081|Strong=2050b 15 נַעֲבֹ֑רָה עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 13 conj _ Gloss=that.we.may.pass.over.[you]|Ref=ISA_51:23!8|MId=o230510230082|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:230510230031;|Type=cohortative 16-17 וַתָּשִׂ֤ימִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_51:23!9|MId=o230510230091|Strong=2050b 17 תָּשִׂ֤ימִי שׂים VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.made|Ref=ISA_51:23!9|MId=o230510230092|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:230510220071;A1:230510230111;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-20 כָאָ֙רֶץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 כָ כְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_51:23!10|MId=o230510230101|Strong=3509a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_51:23!10|MId=o230510230101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=ISA_51:23!10|MId=o230510230102|Strong=0776 21-22 גֵּוֵ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 גֵּו גֵּו NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=back|Ref=ISA_51:23!11|MId=o230510230111|Strong=1460 22 ֵ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_51:23!11|MId=o230510230112|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 23-26 וְכַח֖וּץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_51:23!12|MId=o230510230121|Strong=2050b 24 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_51:23!12|MId=o230510230122|Strong=3509a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_51:23!12|MId=o230510230122ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 ח֖וּץ חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=street|Ref=ISA_51:23!12|MId=o230510230123|Strong=2351 27-29 לַעֹבְרִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ISA_51:23!13|MId=o230510230131|Strong=3807a 28 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=[those|Ref=ISA_51:23!13|MId=o230510230131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 עֹבְרִֽים עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 17 advcl _ Gloss=who].pass.over|Ref=ISA_51:23!13|MId=o230510230132|Strong=5674|Type=participle_active 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=ISA_51:23!13|SpaceAfter=No 31 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=ISA_51:23!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שַׂמְתִּי *I* | weqatal · qal | | הָ *will put it* | | | | מוֹגַי *of* | participle active · hiphil | | ִךְ *\[those who\] grieve you* | | | | אָמְרוּ *they said* | qatal · qal | מוֹגַי *of* | שְׁחִי *bow down* + נַעֲבֹרָה *that we may pass over \[you\]* | | | | שְׁחִי *bow down* | imperative · qal | | | | | | נַעֲבֹרָה *that we may pass over \[you\]* | cohortative · qal | מוֹגַי *of* | | | | | תָּשִׂימִי *you made* | wayyiqtol · qal | | גֵּו *back* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאֶמְסְרִינָהּ בְּיַד דַהֲווֹ מוֹנָן לִיךְ דַהֲווֹ אָמְרִין לְנַפְשֵׁיךְ אַמְאִיכִי וְנֶעְדֵי וְאַמְאֵיכְתְּ כְּאַרְעָא יְקָרִיךְ וַהֲוֵית כְּשׁוּק לְעָדָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; that have said to thy soul: 'Bow down, that we may go over'; and thou hast laid thy back as the ground, and as the street, to them that go over.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1155/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:1041`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 51:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.22/) - next →: [Isaiah 52:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.52.1/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/51/)