--- title: Isaiah 54:1 — Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear, break forth into singing,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear, break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail; for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, saith the LORD. Who acts: you, thou, LORD. Isaiah 54:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.54.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 54](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/54/) / 54:1 # Isaiah 54:1 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, thou, LORD · **What happens:** sing, not bear, break, cry, not travail, be · **To what, where:** singing, children · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 54:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, thou, LORD — and what happens in the verse to singing, children, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רָנִּ֥י עֲקָרָ֖ה לֹ֣א יָלָ֑דָה פִּצְחִ֨י רִנָּ֤ה וְצַהֲלִי֙ לֹא־חָ֔לָה כִּֽי־רַבִּ֧ים בְּֽנֵי־שׁוֹמֵמָ֛ה מִבְּנֵ֥י בְעוּלָ֖ה אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ [Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear, break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail; for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1185/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:1069 # text = רָנִּ֥י עֲקָרָ֖ה לֹ֣א יָלָ֑דָה פִּצְחִ֨י רִנָּ֤ה וְצַהֲלִי֙ לֹא־חָ֔לָה כִּֽי־רַבִּ֧ים בְּֽנֵי־שׁוֹמֵמָ֛ה מִבְּנֵ֥י בְעוּלָ֖ה אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = ISA.54.1 1 רָנִּ֥י רָנַן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=shout.for.joy|Ref=ISA_54:1!1|MId=o230540010011|Strong=7442|Frame=A0:230540010021;|Type=imperative 2 עֲקָרָ֖ה עָקָר ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=O.barren.[woman]|Ref=ISA_54:1!2|MId=o230540010021|Strong=6135|Type=adjective 3 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=[who].not|Ref=ISA_54:1!3|MId=o230540010031|Strong=3808|Type=negative 4 יָלָ֑דָה יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 acl _ Gloss=she.has.given.birth|Ref=ISA_54:1!4|MId=o230540010041|Strong=3205|Frame=A0:230540010021;|Type=qatal 5 פִּצְחִ֨י פָּצַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=break.forth|Ref=ISA_54:1!5|MId=o230540010051|Strong=6476|Frame=A0:230540010021;|Type=imperative 6 רִנָּ֤ה רִנָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=a.shout.of.joy|Ref=ISA_54:1!6|MId=o230540010061|Strong=7440 7-8 וְצַהֲלִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_54:1!7|MId=o230540010071|Strong=2050b 8 צַהֲלִי֙ צָהַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 5 conj _ Gloss=cry.aloud|Ref=ISA_54:1!7|MId=o230540010072|Strong=6670|Frame=A0:230540010021;|Type=imperative 9 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=O.[one.who].not|Ref=ISA_54:1!8|MId=o230540010081|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 10 חָ֔לָה חיל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=she.has.been.in.labor|Ref=ISA_54:1!9|MId=o230540010091|Strong=2342a|Frame=A0:230540010021;|Type=qatal 11 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_54:1!10|MId=o230540010101|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 12 רַבִּ֧ים רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 advcl _ Gloss=[are].many|Ref=ISA_54:1!11|MId=o230540010111|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 13 בְּֽנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].children|Ref=ISA_54:1!12|MId=o230540010121|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 14 שׁוֹמֵמָ֛ה שָׁמֵם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.desolate.[woman]|Ref=ISA_54:1!13|MId=o230540010131|Strong=8074|Type=participle_active 15-16 מִבְּנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=ISA_54:1!14|MId=o230540010141|Strong=4480 16 בְּנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=than.[the].children|Ref=ISA_54:1!14|MId=o230540010142|Strong=1121 17 בְעוּלָ֖ה בָּעַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.married.[woman]|Ref=ISA_54:1!15|MId=o230540010151|Strong=1166|Type=participle_passive 18 אָמַ֥ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=ISA_54:1!16|MId=o230540010161|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230540010171;|Type=qatal 19 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_54:1!17|MId=o230540010171|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=ISA_54:1!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָנִּי *shout for joy* | imperative · qal | עֲקָרָה *O barren \[woman\]* | | | | | **not** יָלָדָה *she has given birth* | qatal · qal | עֲקָרָה *O barren \[woman\]* | | | | | פִּצְחִי *break forth* | imperative · qal | עֲקָרָה *O barren \[woman\]* | | | | | צַהֲלִי *cry aloud* | imperative · qal | עֲקָרָה *O barren \[woman\]* | | | | | **not** חָלָה *she has been in labor* | qatal · qal | עֲקָרָה *O barren \[woman\]* | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָֽה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} שַׁבַּחִי יְרוּשְׁלֶם דַהֲוַת כְּאִתָּא עֲקָרָה דְלָא יְלֵידַת בּוּעִי תוּשְׁבַּחְתָּא וְדוּצִי דַהֲוָת כְּאִתָּא דְלָא עֲדִיאַת אֲרֵי סַגִיאִין יְהוֹן בְּנֵי יְרוּשְׁלֶם צְדִיתָא מִבְּנֵי כְרַכָּא יְתִיבְתָּא אֲמַר יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear, break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail; for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1185/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:1069`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 53:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.53.12/) - next →: [Isaiah 54:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.54.2/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 54](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/54/)