--- title: Isaiah 55:10 — For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven, and returneth… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, except it water the earth, and make it bring forth and bud, and give seed to the sower and bread to the eater; Who acts: rain, earth. Isaiah 55:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.55.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 55](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/55/) / 55:10 # Isaiah 55:10 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** rain, earth · **What happens:** come down, not return, water, make, bring, give · **To what, where:** earth, seed, sower This is Isaiah 55:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — rain, earth — and what happens in the verse to earth, seed, sower, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵרֵד֩ הַגֶּ֨שֶׁם וְהַשֶּׁ֜לֶג מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְשָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב כִּ֚י אִם־הִרְוָ֣ה אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהוֹלִידָ֖הּ וְהִצְמִיחָ֑הּ וְנָ֤תַן זֶ֙רַע֙ לַזֹּרֵ֔עַ וְלֶ֖חֶם לָאֹכֵֽל׃ [For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, except it water the earth, and make it bring forth and bud, and give seed to the sower and bread to the eater;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1214/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:1095 # text = כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵרֵד֩ הַגֶּ֨שֶׁם וְהַשֶּׁ֜לֶג מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְשָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב כִּ֚י אִם־הִרְוָ֣ה אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהוֹלִידָ֖הּ וְהִצְמִיחָ֑הּ וְנָ֤תַן זֶ֙רַע֙ לַזֹּרֵ֔עַ וְלֶ֖חֶם לָאֹכֵֽל׃ # verse = ISA.55.10 1 כִּ֡י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_55:10!1|MId=o230550100011|Strong=3588 2-3 כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=just|Ref=ISA_55:10!2|MId=o230550100021|Strong=3509a 3 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=ISA_55:10!2|MId=o230550100022|Strong=0834|Type=relative 4 יֵרֵד֩ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.comes.down|Ref=ISA_55:10!3|MId=o230550100031|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:230550100042;230550100053;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 הַגֶּ֨שֶׁם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_55:10!4|MId=o230550100041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 גֶּ֨שֶׁם גֶּשֶׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=rain|Ref=ISA_55:10!4|MId=o230550100042|Strong=1653 7-9 וְהַשֶּׁ֜לֶג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_55:10!5|MId=o230550100051|Strong=2050b 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_55:10!5|MId=o230550100052|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 שֶּׁ֜לֶג שֶׁלֶג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=snow|Ref=ISA_55:10!5|MId=o230550100053|Strong=7950 10 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_55:10!6|MId=o230550100061|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_55:10!7|MId=o230550100071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 שָּׁמַ֗יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=ISA_55:10!7|MId=o230550100072|Strong=8064 13-15 וְשָׁ֙מָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_55:10!8|MId=o230550100081|Strong=2050b 14 שָׁ֙מּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_55:10!8|MId=o230550100082|Strong=8033 15 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 14 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=ISA_55:10!8|MId=o230550100083|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 16 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_55:10!9|MId=o230550100091|Strong=3808|Type=negative 17 יָשׁ֔וּב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=it.returns|Ref=ISA_55:10!10|MId=o230550100101|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:230550100042;230550100053;|Type=yiqtol 18 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_55:10!11|MId=o230550100111|Strong=3588 19 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 18 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=ISA_55:10!12|MId=o230550100121|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 20 הִרְוָ֣ה רָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.given.water.to|Ref=ISA_55:10!13|MId=o230550100131|Strong=7301|Frame=AA:230550100042;230550100053;A0:230550100152;|Type=qatal 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_55:10!14|MId=o230550100141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_55:10!15|MId=o230550100151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=ISA_55:10!15|MId=o230550100152|Strong=0776 24-26 וְהוֹלִידָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_55:10!16|MId=o230550100161|Strong=2050b 25 הוֹלִיד יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_55:10!16|MId=o230550100162|Strong=3205|Frame=AA:230550100042;230550100053;A0:230550100163;|Type=weqatal 26 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=has.caused.it.to.bring.forth|Ref=ISA_55:10!16|MId=o230550100163|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 27-29 וְהִצְמִיחָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_55:10!17|MId=o230550100171|Strong=2050b 28 הִצְמִיח צָמַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 25 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_55:10!17|MId=o230550100172|Strong=6779|Frame=AA:230550100042;230550100053;A0:230550100173;|Type=weqatal 29 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ Gloss=has.made.it.sprout|Ref=ISA_55:10!17|MId=o230550100173|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 30-31 וְנָ֤תַן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_55:10!18|MId=o230550100181|Strong=2050b 31 נָ֤תַן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 conj _ Gloss=it.has.given|Ref=ISA_55:10!18|MId=o230550100182|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:230550100152;A1:230550100191;|Type=weqatal 32 זֶ֙רַע֙ זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obj _ Gloss=seed|Ref=ISA_55:10!19|MId=o230550100191|Strong=2233 33-35 לַזֹּרֵ֔עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_55:10!20|MId=o230550100201|Strong=3807a 34 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_55:10!20|MId=o230550100201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 זֹּרֵ֔עַ זָרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 31 xcomp _ Gloss=sower|Ref=ISA_55:10!20|MId=o230550100202|Strong=2232|Type=participle_active 36-37 וְלֶ֖חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_55:10!21|MId=o230550100211|Strong=2050b 37 לֶ֖חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 31 conj _ Gloss=bread|Ref=ISA_55:10!21|MId=o230550100212|Strong=3899 38-40 לָאֹכֵֽל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_55:10!22|MId=o230550100221|Strong=3807a 39 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 40 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_55:10!22|MId=o230550100221ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 אֹכֵֽל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 37 advcl _ Gloss=eater|Ref=ISA_55:10!22|MId=o230550100222|Strong=0398|Type=participle_active 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=ISA_55:10!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵרֵד *it comes down* | yiqtol · qal | גֶּשֶׁם *rain* + שֶּׁלֶג *snow* | | | | | **not** יָשׁוּב *it returns* | yiqtol · qal | גֶּשֶׁם *rain* + שֶּׁלֶג *snow* | | | | | הִרְוָה *it has given water to* | qatal · hiphil | אָרֶץ *earth* | | | גֶּשֶׁם *rain* + שֶּׁלֶג *snow* | | הוֹלִיד *it* | weqatal · hiphil | ָהּ *has caused it to bring forth* | | | גֶּשֶׁם *rain* + שֶּׁלֶג *snow* | | הִצְמִיח *it* | weqatal · hiphil | ָהּ *has made it sprout* | | | גֶּשֶׁם *rain* + שֶּׁלֶג *snow* | | נָתַן *it has given* | weqatal · qal | אָרֶץ *earth* | זֶרַע *seed* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי כְּמָא דְנָחֵית מִטְרָא וְתַלְגָא מִן שְׁמַיָא וּלְתַמָן לָא אֶפְשַׁר לֵיהּ דִיתוּב אֱלָהֵין מְרַוֵי יַת אַרְעָא וּמַרְבֵּי לָהּ וּמוֹעִילָהּ וְיָהַב בַּר זַרְעָא כְּמִסַת לְזָרֵעַ וְלַחְמָא כְּמִסַת לְמֵיכָל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, except it water the earth, and make it bring forth and bud, and give seed to the sower and bread to the eater;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1214/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:1095`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 55:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.55.9/) - next →: [Isaiah 55:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.55.11/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 55](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/55/)