--- title: Isaiah 56:3 — Neither let the alien, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Neither let the alien, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak, saying: 'The LORD will surely separate me from His people'; neither let the eunuch say: 'Behold, I am a dry tree.' Who acts: you, alien, LORD, eunuch. Isaiah 56:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.56.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 56](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/56/) / 56:3 # Isaiah 56:3 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, alien, LORD, eunuch, I · **What happens:** let, join, speak, say, separate, be · **To what, where:** alien, LORD, me, eunuch, dry tree · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 56:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, alien, LORD, eunuch, I — and what happens in the verse to alien, LORD, me, eunuch, dry tree, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאַל־יֹאמַ֣ר בֶּן־הַנֵּכָ֗ר הַנִּלְוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַבְדֵּ֧ל יַבְדִּילַ֛נִי יְהוָ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל עַמּ֑וֹ וְאַל־יֹאמַר֙ הַסָּרִ֔יס הֵ֥ן אֲנִ֖י עֵ֥ץ יָבֵֽשׁ׃ס [Neither let the alien, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak, saying: 'The LORD will surely separate me from His people'; neither let the eunuch say: 'Behold, I am a dry tree.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1220/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:1101 # text = וְאַל־יֹאמַ֣ר בֶּן־הַנֵּכָ֗ר הַנִּלְוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַבְדֵּ֧ל יַבְדִּילַ֛נִי יְהוָ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל עַמּ֑וֹ וְאַל־יֹאמַר֙ הַסָּרִ֔יס הֵ֥ן אֲנִ֖י עֵ֥ץ יָבֵֽשׁ׃ס # verse = ISA.56.3 1-2 וְאַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_56:3!1|MId=o230560030011|Strong=2050b 2 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_56:3!1|MId=o230560030012|Strong=0408|Type=negative 3 יֹאמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=let.him.say|Ref=ISA_56:3!2|MId=o230560030021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230560030031;|Type=jussive 4 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=ISA_56:3!3|MId=o230560030031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַנֵּכָ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=ISA_56:3!4|MId=o230560030041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 נֵּכָ֗ר נֵכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=foreignness|Ref=ISA_56:3!4|MId=o230560030042|Strong=5236 7-8 הַנִּלְוָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=ISA_56:3!5|MId=o230560030051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 נִּלְוָ֤ה לָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 appos _ Gloss=he.has.joined.himself|Ref=ISA_56:3!5|MId=o230560030052|Strong=3867|Frame=A0:230560030031;|Type=qatal 9 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_56:3!6|MId=o230560030061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 10 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_56:3!7|MId=o230560030071|Strong=3068 11-12 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 14 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=ISA_56:3!8|MId=o230560030081|Strong=3807a 12 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_56:3!8|MId=o230560030082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230560030031;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 הַבְדֵּ֧ל בָּדַל VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 14 obl:npmod _ Gloss=surely.(separate)|Ref=ISA_56:3!9|MId=o230560030091|Strong=0914|Type=infinitive_absolute 14-15 יַבְדִּילַ֛נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 יַבְדִּיל בָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 ccomp _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_56:3!10|MId=o230560030101|Strong=0914|Frame=A0:230560030102;AA:230560030111;|Type=yiqtol 15 ַ֛נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=will.separate.me|Ref=ISA_56:3!10|MId=o230560030102|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 16 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_56:3!11|MId=o230560030111|Strong=3068 17-18 מֵעַ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_56:3!12|MId=o230560030121|Strong=4480 18 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ISA_56:3!12|MId=o230560030122|Strong=5921 19-20 עַמּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=ISA_56:3!13|MId=o230560030131|Strong=5971 20 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_56:3!13|MId=o230560030132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-22 וְאַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_56:3!14|MId=o230560030141|Strong=2050b 22 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_56:3!14|MId=o230560030142|Strong=0408|Type=negative 23 יֹאמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 conj _ Gloss=let.him.say|Ref=ISA_56:3!15|MId=o230560030151|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230560030162;|Type=jussive 24-25 הַסָּרִ֔יס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_56:3!16|MId=o230560030161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 סָּרִ֔יס סָרִיס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=eunuch|Ref=ISA_56:3!16|MId=o230560030162|Strong=5631 26 הֵ֥ן הֵן INTJ _ _ 28 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=ISA_56:3!17|MId=o230560030171|Strong=2005|Type=demonstrative 27 אֲנִ֖י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_56:3!18|MId=o230560030181|Strong=0589|Type=personal 28 עֵ֥ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].a.tree|Ref=ISA_56:3!19|MId=o230560030191|Strong=6086 29 יָבֵֽשׁ יָבֵשׁ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 amod _ Gloss=dry|Ref=ISA_56:3!20|MId=o230560030201|Strong=3002|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=ISA_56:3!20|SpaceAfter=No 31 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=ISA_56:3!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · neg | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יֹאמַר *let him say* | jussive · qal | בֶּן־ *the son* | | | | | נִּלְוָה *he has joined himself* | qatal · niphal | בֶּן־ *the son* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | בֶּן־ *the son* | | | | | יַבְדִּיל *he* | yiqtol · hiphil | ַנִי *will separate me* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | **not** יֹאמַר *let him say* | jussive · qal | סָּרִיס *eunuch* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְלָא יֵימַר בַּר עַמְמִין דְמִתּוֹסַף עַל עַמָא דַייָ לְמֵימָר אַפְרָשָׁא יִפְרְשִׁנַנִי יְיָ מֵעַל עַמֵהּ וְלָא יֵימַר סָרִיסָא הָא אֲנָא חֲשִׁיב כְּאָע יָבֵישׁ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Neither let the alien, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak, saying: 'The LORD will surely separate me from His people'; neither let the eunuch say: 'Behold, I am a dry tree.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1220/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:1101`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 56:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.56.2/) - next →: [Isaiah 56:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.56.4/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 56](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/56/)