--- title: Isaiah 63:17 — O LORD, why dost Thou make us to err from Thy ways, and hardenest ou… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: O LORD, why dost Thou make us to err from Thy ways, and hardenest our heart from Thy fear? Return for Thy servants' sake, the tribes of Thine inheritance. Who acts: Thou, us, Thy, you. Isaiah 63:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 63](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/63/) / 63:17 # Isaiah 63:17 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Thou, us, Thy, you, Thine · **What happens:** make, err, harden, fear, return, inherit · **To what, where:** us, ways, heart, fear This is Isaiah 63:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, us, Thy, you, Thine — and what happens in the verse to us, ways, heart, fear, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָ֣מָּה תַתְעֵ֤נוּ יְהוָה֙ מִדְּרָכֶ֔יךָ תַּקְשִׁ֥יחַ לִבֵּ֖נוּ מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ שׁ֚וּב לְמַ֣עַן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ שִׁבְטֵ֖י נַחֲלָתֶֽךָ׃ [O LORD, why dost Thou make us to err from Thy ways, and hardenest our heart from Thy fear?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1360/) [Return for Thy servants' sake, the tribes of Thine inheritance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1361/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:1228 # text = לָ֣מָּה תַתְעֵ֤נוּ יְהוָה֙ מִדְּרָכֶ֔יךָ תַּקְשִׁ֥יחַ לִבֵּ֖נוּ מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ שׁ֚וּב לְמַ֣עַן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ שִׁבְטֵ֖י נַחֲלָתֶֽךָ׃ # verse = ISA.63.17 1-2 לָ֣מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ֣ לָמָה ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_63:17!1|MId=o230630170011|Strong=3807a 2 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 3 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=ISA_63:17!1|MId=o230630170012|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 3-4 תַתְעֵ֤נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 תַתְע תָּעָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=do|Ref=ISA_63:17!2|MId=o230630170021|Strong=8582|Frame=AA:230630170031;A0:230630170022;|Type=yiqtol 4 ֵ֤נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ Gloss=you.make.us.wander|Ref=ISA_63:17!2|MId=o230630170022|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 5 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 parataxis _ Gloss=O.Yahweh|Ref=ISA_63:17!3|MId=o230630170031|Strong=3068 6-8 מִדְּרָכֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_63:17!4|MId=o230630170041|Strong=4480 7 דְּרָכֶ֔י דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=ways|Ref=ISA_63:17!4|MId=o230630170042|Strong=1870 8 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_63:17!4|MId=o230630170043|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 9 תַּקְשִׁ֥יחַ קָשַׁח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=do.you.harden?|Ref=ISA_63:17!5|MId=o230630170051|Strong=7188|Frame=AA:230630170031;A0:230630170061;|Type=yiqtol 10-11 לִבֵּ֖נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=ISA_63:17!6|MId=o230630170061|Strong=3820 11 ֵ֖נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=ISA_63:17!6|MId=o230630170062|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 12-14 מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_63:17!7|MId=o230630170071|Strong=4480 13 יִּרְאָת יִרְאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=fear|Ref=ISA_63:17!7|MId=o230630170072|Strong=3374 14 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.you|Ref=ISA_63:17!7|MId=o230630170073|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 15 שׁ֚וּב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=return|Ref=ISA_63:17!8|MId=o230630170081|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:230630170031;|Type=imperative 16 לְמַ֣עַן לְמַעַן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=for.the.sake.of|Ref=ISA_63:17!9|MId=o230630170091|Strong=4616 17-18 עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 עֲבָדֶ֔י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=servants|Ref=ISA_63:17!10|MId=o230630170101|Strong=5650 18 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_63:17!10|MId=o230630170102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19 שִׁבְטֵ֖י שֵׁבֶט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 appos _ Gloss=the.tribes|Ref=ISA_63:17!11|MId=o230630170111|Strong=7626 20-21 נַחֲלָתֶֽךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 נַחֲלָת נַחֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.inheritance|Ref=ISA_63:17!12|MId=o230630170121|Strong=5159 21 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_63:17!12|MId=o230630170122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=ISA_63:17!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תַתְע *do* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֵנוּ *you make us wander* | | | יְהוָה *O Yahweh* | | תַּקְשִׁיחַ *do you harden?* | yiqtol · hiphil | לִבּ *heart* | | | יְהוָה *O Yahweh* | | שׁוּב *return* | imperative · qal | יְהוָה *O Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לְמָה תְרַחֲקִינָנָא יְיָ לְמִטְעֵי מֵאוֹרְחָן דְתַקְנָן קֳדָמָךְ כְּעַמְמַיָא דְלֵית לְהוֹן חוּלַק בְּאוּלְפַן אוֹרַיְתָךְ לָא יִתְפְּנֵי לִבָּנָא מִדְחַלְתָּךְ אֲתֵיב שְׁכִנְתָּךְ לְעַמָךְ בְּדִיל עַבְדָךְ צַדִיקַיָא דְקַיֵמְתָּא לְהוֹן בְּמֵימְרָךְ לְמֶעְבַּד בֵּינֵיהוֹן שִׁבְטֵי אַחְסַנְתָּךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [O LORD, why dost Thou make us to err from Thy ways, and hardenest our heart from Thy fear?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1360/) 2. [Return for Thy servants' sake, the tribes of Thine inheritance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1361/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:1228`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 63:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.16/) - next →: [Isaiah 63:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.18/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 63](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/63/)