--- title: Isaiah 63:19 — We are become as they over whom Thou never borest rule, as they that… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: We are become as they over whom Thou never borest rule, as they that were not called by Thy name. Oh, that Thou wouldest rend the heavens, that Thou wouldest come down, that the mountains might quake at Thy presence, Who acts: Thou, name, Thy, mountains. Isaiah 63:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 63](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/63/) / 63:19 # Isaiah 63:19 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Thou, name, Thy, mountains · **What happens:** become, not bear, not call, name, rend, come down · **To what, where:** We, rule, heavens · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 63:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, name, Thy, mountains — and what happens in the verse to We, rule, heavens, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הָיִ֗ינוּ מֵֽעוֹלָם֙ לֹֽא־מָשַׁ֣לְתָּ בָּ֔ם לֹֽא־נִקְרָ֥א שִׁמְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶ֑םלוּא־קָרַ֤עְתָּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ יָרַ֔דְתָּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ הָרִ֥ים נָזֹֽלּוּ׃ [We are become as they over whom Thou never borest rule, as they that were not called by Thy name.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1363/) [Oh, that Thou wouldest rend the heavens, that Thou wouldest come down, that the mountains might quake at Thy presence,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1364/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:1230 # text = הָיִ֗ינוּ מֵֽעוֹלָם֙ לֹֽא־מָשַׁ֣לְתָּ בָּ֔ם לֹֽא־נִקְרָ֥א שִׁמְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶ֑םלוּא־קָרַ֤עְתָּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ יָרַ֔דְתָּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ הָרִ֥ים נָזֹֽלּוּ׃ # verse = ISA.63.19 1 הָיִ֗ינוּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 3 cop _ Gloss=we.have.been|Ref=ISA_63:19!1|MId=o230630190011|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230390080041;230630180031;|Type=qatal 2-3 מֵֽעוֹלָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_63:19!2|MId=o230630190021|Strong=4480 3 עוֹלָם֙ עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=long.ago|Ref=ISA_63:19!2|MId=o230630190022|Strong=5769 4 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=[those.whom].not|Ref=ISA_63:19!3|MId=o230630190031|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 5 מָשַׁ֣לְתָּ מָשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 acl _ Gloss=you.ruled|Ref=ISA_63:19!4|MId=o230630190041|Strong=4910|Frame=A0:230630170031;|Type=qatal 6-7 בָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=ISA_63:19!5|MId=o230630190051|Strong=0871a 7 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=ISA_63:19!5|MId=o230630190052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=[those.whom].not|Ref=ISA_63:19!6|MId=o230630190061|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 9 נִקְרָ֥א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl _ Gloss=it.was.called|Ref=ISA_63:19!7|MId=o230630190071|Strong=7121|Frame=A1:230630190081;|Type=qatal 10-11 שִׁמְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 שִׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=ISA_63:19!8|MId=o230630190081|Strong=8034 11 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_63:19!8|MId=o230630190082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 12-14 עֲלֵיהֶ֑םלוּא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_63:19!9|MId=o230630190091|Strong=5921 13 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=ISA_63:19!9|MId=o230630190092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14 לוּא־ לוּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=if|Ref=ISA_63:19!10|MId=o230630190101|Strong=3863 15 קָרַ֤עְתָּ קָרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=you.tore|Ref=ISA_63:19!11|MId=o230630190111|Strong=7167|Frame=A0:230630170031;A1:230630190121;|Type=qatal 16 שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=[the].heavens|Ref=ISA_63:19!12|MId=o230630190121|Strong=8064 17 יָרַ֔דְתָּ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 15 parataxis _ Gloss=you.came.down|Ref=ISA_63:19!13|MId=o230630190131|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:230630170031;|Type=qatal 18-20 מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_63:19!14|MId=o230630190141|Strong=4480 19 פָּנֶ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_63:19!14|MId=o230630190142|Strong=6440 20 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_63:19!14|MId=o230630190143|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 21 הָרִ֥ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=ISA_63:19!15|MId=o230630190151|Strong=2022 22 נָזֹֽלּוּ זָלַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 parataxis _ Gloss=they.shook|Ref=ISA_63:19!16|MId=o230630190161|Strong=2151a|Frame=A0:230630190151;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=ISA_63:19!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיִינוּ *we have been* | qatal · qal | | | | | | **not** מָשַׁלְתָּ *you ruled* | qatal · qal | | | | | | **not** נִקְרָא *it was called* | qatal · niphal | | שִׁמ *name* | | | | קָרַעְתָּ *you tore* | qatal · qal | | שָׁמַיִם *\[the\] heavens* | | | | יָרַדְתָּ *you came down* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נָזֹֽלּוּ *they shook* | qatal · niphal | הָרִים *mountains* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא אֲנַחְנָא עַמָךְ דְמִן עַלְמָא לָא לְעַמְמַיָא יְהַבְתְּ אוּלְפַן אוֹרַיְתָךְ לָא אִתְקְרֵי שְׁמָךְ עֲלֵיהוֹן לָא לְהוֹן אַרְכֵינְתָּא שְׁמַיָא אִתְגְלֵיתָא מִן קֳדָמָךְ טוּרַיָא זָעוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [We are become as they over whom Thou never borest rule, as they that were not called by Thy name.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1363/) 2. [Oh, that Thou wouldest rend the heavens, that Thou wouldest come down, that the mountains might quake at Thy presence,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1364/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:1230`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 63:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.18/) - next →: [Isaiah 64:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.64.1/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 63](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/63/)