--- title: Isaiah 63:3 — 'I have trodden the winepress alone, and of the peoples there was no… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'I have trodden the winepress alone, and of the peoples there was no man with Me; yea, I trod them in Mine anger, and trampled them in My fury; and their lifeblood is dashed against My garments, and I have stained all My raiment. Who acts: I, man, Mine, My. Isaiah 63:3 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 63](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/63/) / 63:3 # Isaiah 63:3 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, man, Mine, My · **What happens:** tread, be, trample, dash, stain, anger · **To what, where:** winepress, peoples, anger, fury, lifeblood, raiment This is Isaiah 63:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, man, Mine, My — and what happens in the verse to winepress, peoples, anger, fury, lifeblood, raiment, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. פּוּרָ֣ה ׀ דָּרַ֣כְתִּי לְבַדִּ֗י וּמֵֽעַמִּים֙ אֵֽין־אִ֣ישׁ אִתִּ֔י וְאֶדְרְכֵ֣ם בְּאַפִּ֔י וְאֶרְמְסֵ֖ם בַּחֲמָתִ֑י וְיֵ֤ז נִצְחָם֙ עַל־בְּגָדַ֔י וְכָל־מַלְבּוּשַׁ֖י אֶגְאָֽלְתִּי׃ ['I have trodden the winepress alone, and of the peoples there was no man with Me; yea, I trod them in Mine anger, and trampled them in My fury; and their lifeblood is dashed against My garments, and I have stained all My raiment.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1344/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:1214 # text = פּוּרָ֣ה ׀ דָּרַ֣כְתִּי לְבַדִּ֗י וּמֵֽעַמִּים֙ אֵֽין־אִ֣ישׁ אִתִּ֔י וְאֶדְרְכֵ֣ם בְּאַפִּ֔י וְאֶרְמְסֵ֖ם בַּחֲמָתִ֑י וְיֵ֤ז נִצְחָם֙ עַל־בְּגָדַ֔י וְכָל־מַלְבּוּשַׁ֖י אֶגְאָֽלְתִּי׃ # verse = ISA.63.3 1 פּוּרָ֣ה פּוּרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=[the].winepress|Ref=ISA_63:3!1|MId=o230630030011|Strong=6333 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=ISA_63:3!1 3 דָּרַ֣כְתִּי דָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.have.trodden|Ref=ISA_63:3!2|MId=o230630030021|Strong=1869|Frame=A0:230620110021;A1:230630030011;|Type=qatal 4-6 לְבַדִּ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_63:3!3|MId=o230630030031|Strong=3807a 5 בַדּ בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_63:3!3|MId=o230630030032|Strong=0905 6 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=alone|Ref=ISA_63:3!3|MId=o230630030033|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7-9 וּמֵֽעַמִּים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_63:3!4|MId=o230630030041|Strong=2050b 8 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_63:3!4|MId=o230630030042|Strong=4480 9 עַמִּים֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=peoples|Ref=ISA_63:3!4|MId=o230630030043|Strong=5971 10 אֵֽין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=ISA_63:3!5|MId=o230630030051|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 11 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=ISA_63:3!6|MId=o230630030061|Strong=0376 12-13 אִתִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ISA_63:3!7|MId=o230630030071|Strong=0854 13 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=ISA_63:3!7|MId=o230630030072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14-16 וְאֶדְרְכֵ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_63:3!8|MId=o230630030081|Strong=2050b 15 אֶדְרְכ דָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_63:3!8|MId=o230630030082|Strong=1869|Frame=A0:230620110021;A1:230630030083;|Type=yiqtol 16 ֵ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=trod.them|Ref=ISA_63:3!8|MId=o230630030083|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17-19 בְּאַפִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_63:3!9|MId=o230630030091|Strong=0871a 18 אַפּ אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=anger|Ref=ISA_63:3!9|MId=o230630030092|Strong=0639 19 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ISA_63:3!9|MId=o230630030093|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20-22 וְאֶרְמְסֵ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_63:3!10|MId=o230630030101|Strong=2050b 21 אֶרְמְס רָמַס VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_63:3!10|MId=o230630030102|Strong=7429|Frame=A0:230620110021;A1:230630030103;|Type=yiqtol 22 ֵ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=trampled.them|Ref=ISA_63:3!10|MId=o230630030103|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-25 בַּחֲמָתִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_63:3!11|MId=o230630030111|Strong=0871a 24 חֲמָת חֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=rage|Ref=ISA_63:3!11|MId=o230630030112|Strong=2534 25 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ISA_63:3!11|MId=o230630030113|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 26-27 וְיֵ֤ז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_63:3!12|MId=o230630030121|Strong=2050b 27 יֵ֤ז נָזָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.spattered|Ref=ISA_63:3!12|MId=o230630030122|Strong=5137|Frame=A0:230630030131;|Type=yiqtol 28-29 נִצְחָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 נִצְח נֵצַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=juice|Ref=ISA_63:3!13|MId=o230630030131|Strong=5332 29 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_63:3!13|MId=o230630030132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 30 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_63:3!14|MId=o230630030141|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 בְּגָדַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּגָד בֶּגֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 obl _ Gloss=garments|Ref=ISA_63:3!15|MId=o230630030151|Strong=0899 32 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ISA_63:3!15|MId=o230630030152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 33-34 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_63:3!16|MId=o230630030161|Strong=2050b 34 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_63:3!16|MId=o230630030162|Strong=3605 35-36 מַלְבּוּשַׁ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 מַלְבּוּשׁ מַלְבּוּשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=clothes|Ref=ISA_63:3!17|MId=o230630030171|Strong=4403 36 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ISA_63:3!17|MId=o230630030172|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 37 אֶגְאָֽלְתִּי גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.have.defiled|Ref=ISA_63:3!18|MId=o230630030181|Strong=1351|Frame=AA:230620110021;A0:230630030171;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=ISA_63:3!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** דָּרַכְתִּי *I have trodden* | qatal · qal | | פּוּרָה *\[the\] winepress* | | | | אֶדְרְכ *I* | yiqtol · qal | | ֵם *trod them* | | | | אֶרְמְס *I* | yiqtol · qal | | ֵם *trampled them* | | | | יֵז *it spattered* | yiqtol · qal | נִצְח *juice* | | | | | אֶגְאָֽלְתִּי *I have defiled* | qatal · hiphil | מַלְבּוּשׁ *clothes* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא כְּבִיעוּט דְמִתְבָּעֵיט בְּמַעְצְרָא כֵּן יִסְגֵי קְטוֹל בְּמַשִׁרְיַת עַמְמַיָא וְלָא יְהֵי לְהוֹן תְּקוֹף קֳדָמַי וְאֶקְטְלִינוּן בְּרוּגְזִי וַאֲדוּשִׁינוּן בְּחַמְתִי וְאֶתְבַּר תַּקִיפֵיהוֹן קֳדָמַי וְכָן חַכִּימֵיהוֹן אֱסַלְעִים: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['I have trodden the winepress alone, and of the peoples there was no man with Me; yea, I trod them in Mine anger, and trampled them in My fury; and their lifeblood is dashed against My garments, and I have stained all My raiment.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1344/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:1214`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 63:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.2/) - next →: [Isaiah 63:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.4/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 63](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/63/)