--- title: Isaiah 7:8 — For the head of Aram is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For the head of Aram is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people; Who acts: head. Isaiah 7:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.7.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/7/) / 7:8 # Isaiah 7:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** head · **What happens:** be, break, not be · **To what, where:** Damascus, Rezin, Ephraim, people This is Isaiah 7:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — head — and what happens in the verse to Damascus, Rezin, Ephraim, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י רֹ֤אשׁ אֲרָם֙ דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וְרֹ֥אשׁ דַּמֶּ֖שֶׂק רְצִ֑ין וּבְע֗וֹד שִׁשִּׁ֤ים וְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה יֵחַ֥ת אֶפְרַ֖יִם מֵעָֽם׃ [For the head of Aram is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.143/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:135 # text = כִּ֣י רֹ֤אשׁ אֲרָם֙ דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וְרֹ֥אשׁ דַּמֶּ֖שֶׂק רְצִ֑ין וּבְע֗וֹד שִׁשִּׁ֤ים וְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה יֵחַ֥ת אֶפְרַ֖יִם מֵעָֽם׃ # verse = ISA.7.8 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_7:8!1|MId=o230070080011|Strong=3588 2 רֹ֤אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=the.head|Ref=ISA_7:8!2|MId=o230070080021|Strong=7218 3 אֲרָם֙ אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Aram|Ref=ISA_7:8!3|MId=o230070080031|Strong=0758 4 דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק דַּמֶּשֶׂק PROPN _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=[is].Damascus|Ref=ISA_7:8!4|MId=o230070080041|Strong=1834 5-6 וְרֹ֥אשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_7:8!5|MId=o230070080051|Strong=2050b 6 רֹ֥אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=the.head|Ref=ISA_7:8!5|MId=o230070080052|Strong=7218 7 דַּמֶּ֖שֶׂק דַּמֶּשֶׂק PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Damascus|Ref=ISA_7:8!6|MId=o230070080061|Strong=1834 8 רְצִ֑ין רְצִין PROPN _ _ 4 conj _ Gloss=[is].Rezin|Ref=ISA_7:8!7|MId=o230070080071|Strong=7526 9-11 וּבְע֗וֹד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_7:8!8|MId=o230070080081|Strong=2050b 10 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_7:8!8|MId=o230070080082|Strong=0871a 11 ע֗וֹד עֹוד ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=yet|Ref=ISA_7:8!8|MId=o230070080083|Strong=5750 12 שִׁשִּׁ֤ים שֵׁשׁ NUM _ Number=Plur 15 nummod _ Gloss=sixty|Ref=ISA_7:8!9|MId=o230070080091|Strong=8346|Type=cardinal_number 13-14 וְחָמֵשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_7:8!10|MId=o230070080101|Strong=2050b 14 חָמֵשׁ֙ חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=five|Ref=ISA_7:8!10|MId=o230070080102|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 15 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=year[s]|Ref=ISA_7:8!11|MId=o230070080111|Strong=8141 16 יֵחַ֥ת חתת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.shattered|Ref=ISA_7:8!12|MId=o230070080121|Strong=2865|Frame=A1:230070080131;|Type=yiqtol 17 אֶפְרַ֖יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 16 nsubj _ Gloss=Ephraim|Ref=ISA_7:8!13|MId=o230070080131|Strong=0669 18-19 מֵעָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_7:8!14|MId=o230070080141|Strong=4480 19 עָֽם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=a.people|Ref=ISA_7:8!14|MId=o230070080142|Strong=5971 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=ISA_7:8!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵחַת *it will be shattered* | yiqtol · niphal | | אֶפְרַיִם *Ephraim* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי רֵישׁ אֲרָם דַמֶשֶׂק וְרֵישׁ דַמֶשֶׂק רְצִין וּבְסוֹף שִׁתִּין וַחֲמֵשׁ שְׁנִין יִבְטְלוּן בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמָלְכוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For the head of Aram is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.143/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:135`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 7:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.7.7/) - next →: [Isaiah 7:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.7.9/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/7/)