--- title: Isaiah 9:17 — For wickedness burneth as the fire; it devoureth the briers and thor… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For wickedness burneth as the fire; it devoureth the briers and thorns; yea, it kindleth in the thickets of the forest, and they roll upward in thick clouds of smoke. Who acts: wickedness, briers. Isaiah 9:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.9.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/9/) / 9:17 # Isaiah 9:17 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** wickedness, briers · **What happens:** burn, devour, kindle, roll, cloud · **To what, where:** briers, thickets, thick clouds, smoke This is Isaiah 9:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — wickedness, briers — and what happens in the verse to briers, thickets, thick clouds, smoke, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּֽי־בָעֲרָ֤ה כָאֵשׁ֙ רִשְׁעָ֔ה שָׁמִ֥יר וָשַׁ֖יִת תֹּאכֵ֑ל וַתִּצַּת֙ בְּסִֽבְכֵ֣י הַיַּ֔עַר וַיִּֽתְאַבְּכ֖וּ גֵּא֥וּת עָשָֽׁן׃ [For wickedness burneth as the fire; it devoureth the briers and thorns; yea, it kindleth in the thickets of the forest, and they roll upward in thick clouds of smoke.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.206/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:192 # text = כִּֽי־בָעֲרָ֤ה כָאֵשׁ֙ רִשְׁעָ֔ה שָׁמִ֥יר וָשַׁ֖יִת תֹּאכֵ֑ל וַתִּצַּת֙ בְּסִֽבְכֵ֣י הַיַּ֔עַר וַיִּֽתְאַבְּכ֖וּ גֵּא֥וּת עָשָֽׁן׃ # verse = ISA.9.17 1 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_9:17!1|MId=o230090170011|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 2 בָעֲרָ֤ה בָּעַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.burned|Ref=ISA_9:17!2|MId=o230090170021|Strong=1197|Frame=A0:230090170041;|Type=qatal 3-5 כָאֵשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כָ כְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_9:17!3|MId=o230090170031|Strong=3509a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_9:17!3|MId=o230090170031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אֵשׁ֙ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=ISA_9:17!3|MId=o230090170032|Strong=0784 6 רִשְׁעָ֔ה רִשְׁעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=wickedness|Ref=ISA_9:17!4|MId=o230090170041|Strong=7564 7 שָׁמִ֥יר שָׁמִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=thorn[s]|Ref=ISA_9:17!5|MId=o230090170051|Strong=8068 8-9 וָשַׁ֖יִת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_9:17!6|MId=o230090170061|Strong=2050b 9 שַׁ֖יִת שַׁיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=bush[es]|Ref=ISA_9:17!6|MId=o230090170062|Strong=7898 10 תֹּאכֵ֑ל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.consumes|Ref=ISA_9:17!7|MId=o230090170071|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:230090170041;A1:230090170051;230090170062;|Type=yiqtol 11-12 וַתִּצַּת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_9:17!8|MId=o230090170081|Strong=2050b 12 תִּצַּת֙ יָצַת VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.has.kindled|Ref=ISA_9:17!8|MId=o230090170082|Strong=3341|Frame=A0:230090170041;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-14 בְּסִֽבְכֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(in).the|Ref=ISA_9:17!9|MId=o230090170091|Strong=0871a 14 סִֽבְכֵ֣י סְבַךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=thickets|Ref=ISA_9:17!9|MId=o230090170092|Strong=5442 15-16 הַיַּ֔עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_9:17!10|MId=o230090170101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יַּ֔עַר יַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.forest|Ref=ISA_9:17!10|MId=o230090170102|Strong=3293 17-18 וַיִּֽתְאַבְּכ֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_9:17!11|MId=o230090170111|Strong=2050b 18 יִּֽתְאַבְּכ֖וּ אָבַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.have.swirled|Ref=ISA_9:17!11|MId=o230090170112|Strong=0055|Frame=A0:230090170051;230090170062;230090170092;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 גֵּא֥וּת גֵּאוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=a.rising.up|Ref=ISA_9:17!12|MId=o230090170121|Strong=1348 20 עָשָֽׁן עָשָׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.smoke|Ref=ISA_9:17!13|MId=o230090170131|Strong=6227|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=ISA_9:17!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָעֲרָה *it has burned* | qatal · qal | רִשְׁעָה *wickedness* | | | | | תֹּאכֵל *it consumes* | yiqtol · qal | רִשְׁעָה *wickedness* | שָׁמִיר *thorn\[s\]* + שַׁיִת *bush\[es\]* | | | | תִּצַּת *it has kindled* | wayyiqtol · qal | רִשְׁעָה *wickedness* | | | | | יִּֽתְאַבְּכוּ *they have swirled* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | שָׁמִיר *thorn\[s\]* + שַׁיִת *bush\[es\]* + סִֽבְכֵי *thickets* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי תַדְלִיק כְּאֶשְׁתָּא פּוּרְעֲנוּת חוֹבֵיהוֹן חַטָאַיָא וְחַיָבַיָא תְּשֵׁיצֵי וְתִשְׁלוֹט בִּשְׁאַר עַמָא וּתְשֵׁיצֵי סַגִי מַשִׁרְיָתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For wickedness burneth as the fire; it devoureth the briers and thorns; yea, it kindleth in the thickets of the forest, and they roll upward in thick clouds of smoke.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.206/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:192`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 9:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.9.16/) - next →: [Isaiah 9:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.9.18/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/9/)