--- title: Isaiah 9:18 — Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land burnt up; the peo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land burnt up; the people also are as the fuel of fire; no man spareth his brother. Who acts: people, man. Isaiah 9:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.9.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/9/) / 9:18 # Isaiah 9:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** people, man · **What happens:** be, burnt up, spare · **To what, where:** land, wrath, brother This is Isaiah 9:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, man — and what happens in the verse to land, wrath, brother, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בְּעֶבְרַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת נֶעְתַּ֣ם אָ֑רֶץ וַיְהִ֤י הָעָם֙ כְּמַאֲכֹ֣לֶת אֵ֔שׁ אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֖יו לֹ֥א יַחְמֹֽלוּ׃ [Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land burnt up; the people also are as the fuel of fire; no man spareth his brother.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.207/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:193 # text = בְּעֶבְרַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת נֶעְתַּ֣ם אָ֑רֶץ וַיְהִ֤י הָעָם֙ כְּמַאֲכֹ֣לֶת אֵ֔שׁ אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֖יו לֹ֥א יַחְמֹֽלוּ׃ # verse = ISA.9.18 1-2 בְּעֶבְרַ֛ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=ISA_9:18!1|MId=o230090180011|Strong=0871a 2 עֶבְרַ֛ת עֶבְרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=the.wrath|Ref=ISA_9:18!1|MId=o230090180012|Strong=5678 3 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=ISA_9:18!2|MId=o230090180021|Strong=3068 4 צְבָא֖וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=ISA_9:18!3|MId=o230090180031|Strong=6635 5 נֶעְתַּ֣ם עָתַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.been.scorched|Ref=ISA_9:18!4|MId=o230090180041|Strong=6272|Frame=A1:230090180051;|Type=qatal 6 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].land|Ref=ISA_9:18!5|MId=o230090180051|Strong=0776 7-8 וַיְהִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_9:18!6|MId=o230090180061|Strong=2050b 8 יְהִ֤י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=ISA_9:18!6|MId=o230090180062|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230090180072;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_9:18!7|MId=o230090180071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=ISA_9:18!7|MId=o230090180072|Strong=5971 11-12 כְּמַאֲכֹ֣לֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_9:18!8|MId=o230090180081|Strong=3509a 12 מַאֲכֹ֣לֶת מַאֲכֹלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=fuel|Ref=ISA_9:18!8|MId=o230090180082|Strong=3980 13 אֵ֔שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.fire|Ref=ISA_9:18!9|MId=o230090180091|Strong=0784 14 אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=ISA_9:18!10|MId=o230090180101|Strong=0376 15 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=ISA_9:18!11|MId=o230090180111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 אָחִ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אָחִ֖י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nmod _ Gloss=brother|Ref=ISA_9:18!12|MId=o230090180121|Strong=0251 17 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_9:18!12|MId=o230090180122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_9:18!13|MId=o230090180131|Strong=3808|Type=negative 19 יַחְמֹֽלוּ חָמַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=they.spared|Ref=ISA_9:18!14|MId=o230090180141|Strong=2550|Frame=A0:230090180072;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=ISA_9:18!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נֶעְתַּם *it has been scorched* | qatal · niphal | | אָרֶץ *\[the\] land* | | | | יְהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | **not** יַחְמֹֽלוּ *they spared* | yiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּתַבְעוֹר מִן קֳדָם יְיָ צְבָאוֹת חֲרוֹכַת אַרְעָא וַהֲוָה עַמָא כִּיקֵידַת נוּר גְבַר עַל אֲחוּהִי לָא חָיְסִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land burnt up; the people also are as the fuel of fire; no man spareth his brother.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.207/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:193`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 9:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.9.17/) - next →: [Isaiah 9:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.9.19/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/9/)