--- title: Judges 1:19 — And the LORD was with Judah; and he drove out the inhabitants of the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD was with Judah; and he drove out the inhabitants of the hill-country; for he could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron. Who acts: LORD, Judah, inhabitants. Judges 1:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/1/) / 1:19 # Judges 1:19 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** LORD, Judah, inhabitants · **What happens:** be, drive out, not drive out, have · **To what, where:** inhabitants, chariots This is Judges 1:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, Judah, inhabitants — and what happens in the verse to inhabitants, chariots, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶתּ־יְהוּדָ֔הוַיֹּ֖רֶשׁ אֶת־הָהָ֑ר כִּ֣י לֹ֤א לְהוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָעֵ֔מֶק כִּי־רֶ֥כֶב בַּרְזֶ֖ל לָהֶֽם׃ [And the LORD was with Judah; and he drove out the inhabitants of the hill-country; for he could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.19/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:18 # text = וַיְהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶתּ־יְהוּדָ֔הוַיֹּ֖רֶשׁ אֶת־הָהָ֑ר כִּ֣י לֹ֤א לְהוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָעֵ֔מֶק כִּי־רֶ֥כֶב בַּרְזֶ֖ל לָהֶֽם׃ # verse = JDG.1.19 1-2 וַיְהִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:19!1|MId=o070010190011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֤י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=JDG_1:19!1|MId=o070010190012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:070010190021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JDG_1:19!2|MId=o070010190021|Strong=3068 4 אֶתּ־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_1:19!3|MId=o070010190031|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 5-7 יְהוּדָ֔הוַיֹּ֖רֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=JDG_1:19!4|MId=o070010190041|Strong=3063 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:19!5|MId=o070010190051|Strong=2050b 7 יֹּ֖רֶשׁ יָרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.took.possession.of|Ref=JDG_1:19!5|MId=o070010190052|Strong=3423|Frame=AA:070010190041;A0:070010190072;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_1:19!6|MId=o070010190061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הָהָ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=JDG_1:19!7|MId=o070010190071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 הָ֑ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=country|Ref=JDG_1:19!7|MId=o070010190072|Strong=2022 11 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_1:19!8|MId=o070010190081|Strong=3588 12 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 2 advcl _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_1:19!9|MId=o070010190091|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13-14 לְהוֹרִישׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_1:19!10|MId=o070010190101|Strong=3807a 14 הוֹרִישׁ֙ יָרַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 12 advcl _ Gloss=dispossess|Ref=JDG_1:19!10|MId=o070010190102|Strong=3423|Frame=AA:070010190041;A0:070010190121;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_1:19!11|MId=o070010190111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16 יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 14 obj _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=JDG_1:19!12|MId=o070010190121|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 17-18 הָעֵ֔מֶק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_1:19!13|MId=o070010190131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עֵ֔מֶק עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.valley|Ref=JDG_1:19!13|MId=o070010190132|Strong=6010 19 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_1:19!14|MId=o070010190141|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 20 רֶ֥כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=chariotry|Ref=JDG_1:19!15|MId=o070010190151|Strong=7393 21 בַּרְזֶ֖ל בַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.iron|Ref=JDG_1:19!16|MId=o070010190161|Strong=1270 22-23 לָהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ל לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=JDG_1:19!17|MId=o070010190171|Strong=3807a 23 ָהֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 advcl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_1:19!17|MId=o070010190172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=JDG_1:19!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יְהִי *he was* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יֹּרֶשׁ *it took possession of* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | הָר *country* | | | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | הוֹרִישׁ *dispossess* | infinitive construct · hiphil | יֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | | | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה מֵימְרָא דַייָ בְּסַעֲדֵיהּ דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וְתָרִיכוּ יַת יַתְבֵי טוּרָא וּבָּתַר כֵּן דְחָבוּ לָא יְכִילוּ לְתָרָכָא יַת יַתְבֵי מֵישְׁרָא אֲרֵי רְתִיכִין דְבַרְזְלָא לְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD was with Judah; and he drove out the inhabitants of the hill-country; for he could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.19/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:18`. - ← previous: [Judges 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.18/) - next →: [Judges 1:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.20/) - ↑ back to [Judges 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/1/)