--- title: Judges 1:24 — And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him: 'Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will deal kindly with thee.' Who acts: watchers, we. Judges 1:24 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/1/) / 1:24 # Judges 1:24 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** watchers, we · **What happens:** see, come, say, show, pray, deal · **To what, where:** man, city, entrance, us, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 1:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — watchers, we — and what happens in the verse to man, city, entrance, us, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּרְאוּ֙ הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ יוֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֗וֹ הַרְאֵ֤נוּ נָא֙ אֶת־מְב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמְּךָ֖ חָֽסֶד׃ [And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him: 'Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will deal kindly with thee.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.24/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:23 # text = וַיִּרְאוּ֙ הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ יוֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֗וֹ הַרְאֵ֤נוּ נָא֙ אֶת־מְב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמְּךָ֖ חָֽסֶד׃ # verse = JDG.1.24 1-2 וַיִּרְאוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:24!1|MId=o070010240011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּרְאוּ֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=JDG_1:24!1|MId=o070010240012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:070010240022;A1:070010240041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=[those|Ref=JDG_1:24!2|MId=o070010240021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 שֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=who].watched|Ref=JDG_1:24!2|MId=o070010240022|Strong=8104|Type=participle_active 5 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=JDG_1:24!3|MId=o070010240031|Strong=0376 6 יוֹצֵ֣א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=coming.out|Ref=JDG_1:24!4|MId=o070010240041|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:070010240031;|Type=participle_active 7 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_1:24!5|MId=o070010240051|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הָעִ֑יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_1:24!6|MId=o070010240061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עִ֑יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JDG_1:24!6|MId=o070010240062|Strong=5892 10-11 וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:24!7|MId=o070010240071|Strong=2050b 11 יֹּ֣אמְרוּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JDG_1:24!7|MId=o070010240072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070010240022;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 ל֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_1:24!8|MId=o070010240081|Strong=3807a 13 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_1:24!8|MId=o070010240082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 הַרְאֵ֤נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַרְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 11 ccomp _ Gloss=show|Ref=JDG_1:24!9|MId=o070010240091|Strong=7200|Frame=AA:070010240031;A0:070010240092;A1:070010240121;|Type=imperative 15 ֵ֤נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=JDG_1:24!9|MId=o070010240092|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 16 נָא֙ נָא INTJ _ _ 14 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=JDG_1:24!10|MId=o070010240101|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_1:24!11|MId=o070010240111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18 מְב֣וֹא מָבוֹא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 xcomp _ Gloss=the.entrance|Ref=JDG_1:24!12|MId=o070010240121|Strong=3996 19-20 הָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_1:24!13|MId=o070010240131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=JDG_1:24!13|MId=o070010240132|Strong=5892 21-22 וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:24!14|MId=o070010240141|Strong=2050b 22 עָשִׂ֥ינוּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 14 conj _ Gloss=we.will.do|Ref=JDG_1:24!14|MId=o070010240142|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:070010240022;A1:070010240161;|Type=weqatal 23-24 עִמְּךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_1:24!15|MId=o070010240151|Strong=5973 24 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JDG_1:24!15|MId=o070010240152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 25 חָֽסֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=loyalty|Ref=JDG_1:24!16|MId=o070010240161|Strong=2617|SpaceAfter=No 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=JDG_1:24!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּרְאוּ *they saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | שֹּׁמְרִים *who\] watched* | יוֹצֵא *coming out* | | | | יוֹצֵא *coming out* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שֹּׁמְרִים *who\] watched* | | | | | הַרְא *show* | imperative · hiphil | ֵנוּ *us* | מְבוֹא *the entrance* | | אִישׁ *a man* | | עָשִׂינוּ *we will do* | weqatal · qal | שֹּׁמְרִים *who\] watched* | חָֽסֶד *loyalty* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַחֲזוֹ נָטְרַיָא גַבְרָא נָפֵיק מִן קַרְתָּא וַאֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ אַחֲזֵינָא כְעַן יַת מַעֲלָנָא דְקַרְתָּא וְנַעְבֵּד עִמָךְ טִיבוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him: 'Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will deal kindly with thee.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.24/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:23`. - ← previous: [Judges 1:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.23/) - next →: [Judges 1:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.25/) - ↑ back to [Judges 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/1/)