--- title: Judges 1:8 — And the children of Judah fought against Jerusalem, and took it, and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the children of Judah fought against Jerusalem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire. Who acts: children. Judges 1:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/1/) / 1:8 # Judges 1:8 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** children · **What happens:** fight, take, smote, set · **To what, where:** food, city, fire This is Judges 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children — and what happens in the verse to food, city, fire, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ [And the children of Judah fought against Jerusalem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.7/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:7 # text = וַיִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ # verse = JDG.1.8 1-2 וַיִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:8!1|MId=o070010080011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.fought|Ref=JDG_1:8!1|MId=o070010080012|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:070010080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JDG_1:8!2|MId=o070010080021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוּדָה֙ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JDG_1:8!3|MId=o070010080031|Strong=3063 5-6 בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JDG_1:8!4|MId=o070010080041|Strong=0871a 6 יר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=JDG_1:8!4|MId=o070010080042|Strong=3389 7-8 וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:8!5|MId=o070010080051|Strong=2050b 8 יִּלְכְּד֣וּ לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.captured|Ref=JDG_1:8!5|MId=o070010080052|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:070010080021;A1:070010080062;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 אוֹתָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_1:8!6|MId=o070010080061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 10 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=JDG_1:8!6|MId=o070010080062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 11-13 וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:8!7|MId=o070010080071|Strong=2050b 12 יַּכּ֖וּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_1:8!7|MId=o070010080072|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:070010080021;A0:070010080073;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=struck.it.down|Ref=JDG_1:8!7|MId=o070010080073|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 14-15 לְפִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=JDG_1:8!8|MId=o070010080081|Strong=3807a 15 פִי־ פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=JDG_1:8!8|MId=o070010080082|Strong=6310 16 חָ֑רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].sword|Ref=JDG_1:8!9|MId=o070010080091|Strong=2719 17-18 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:8!10|MId=o070010080101|Strong=2050b 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_1:8!10|MId=o070010080102|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 19-20 הָעִ֖יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_1:8!11|MId=o070010080111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=city|Ref=JDG_1:8!11|MId=o070010080112|Strong=5892 21 שִׁלְּח֥וּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.sent|Ref=JDG_1:8!12|MId=o070010080121|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:070010080021;A1:070010080112;|Type=qatal 22-24 בָאֵֽשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_1:8!13|MId=o070010080131|Strong=0871a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_1:8!13|MId=o070010080131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 אֵֽשׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=JDG_1:8!13|MId=o070010080132|Strong=0784 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=JDG_1:8!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּלָּחֲמוּ *they fought* | wayyiqtol · niphal | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* | | | | | יִּלְכְּדוּ *they captured* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* | ָהּ *it* | | | | יַּכּוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | הָ *struck it down* | | | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* | | שִׁלְּחוּ *they sent* | qatal · piel | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* | עִיר *city* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַגִיחוּ קְרָבָא בְנֵי יְהוּדָה בִּירוּשְׁלֵם וּכְבַשׁוּ יָתָהּ וּמְחוֹהָא לְפִתְגַם דְחָרֶב וְיַת קַרְתָּא אוֹקִידוּ בְנוּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the children of Judah fought against Jerusalem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.7/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:7`. - ← previous: [Judges 1:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.7/) - next →: [Judges 1:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.9/) - ↑ back to [Judges 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/1/)