--- title: Judges 1:9 — And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the C… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites that dwelt in the hill-country, and in the South, and in the Lowland. Who acts: children, Canaanites. Judges 1:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/1/) / 1:9 # Judges 1:9 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** children, Canaanites · **What happens:** go down, fight, dwell · **To what, where:** hill country This is Judges 1:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, Canaanites — and what happens in the verse to hill country, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאַחַ֗ר יָֽרְדוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָהָ֔ר וְהַנֶּ֖גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָֽה׃ [And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites that dwelt in the hill-country, and in the South, and in the Lowland.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.8/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:8 # text = וְאַחַ֗ר יָֽרְדוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָהָ֔ר וְהַנֶּ֖גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָֽה׃ # verse = JDG.1.9 1-2 וְאַחַ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:9!1|MId=o070010090011|Strong=2050b 2 אַחַ֗ר אַחַר ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=after|Ref=JDG_1:9!1|MId=o070010090012|Strong=0310 3 יָֽרְדוּ֙ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.went.down|Ref=JDG_1:9!2|MId=o070010090021|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:070010090031;|Type=qatal 4 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JDG_1:9!3|MId=o070010090031|Strong=1121 5 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JDG_1:9!4|MId=o070010090041|Strong=3063 6-7 לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_1:9!5|MId=o070010090051|Strong=3807a 7 הִלָּחֵ֖ם לָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 3 advcl _ Gloss=fight|Ref=JDG_1:9!5|MId=o070010090052|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:070010090031;|Type=infinitive_construct 8-10 בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JDG_1:9!6|MId=o070010090061|Strong=0871a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_1:9!6|MId=o070010090061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 כְּנַעֲנִ֑י כְּנַעֲנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=Canaanite[s]|Ref=JDG_1:9!6|MId=o070010090062|Strong=3669|Type=gentilic 11 יוֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 10 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[who.was].dwelling|Ref=JDG_1:9!7|MId=o070010090071|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:070010090063;|Type=participle_active 12-13 הָהָ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=JDG_1:9!8|MId=o070010090081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 הָ֔ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=country|Ref=JDG_1:9!8|MId=o070010090082|Strong=2022 14-16 וְהַנֶּ֖גֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:9!9|MId=o070010090091|Strong=2050b 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_1:9!9|MId=o070010090092|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 נֶּ֖גֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=Negev|Ref=JDG_1:9!9|MId=o070010090093|Strong=5045 17-19 וְהַשְּׁפֵלָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_1:9!10|MId=o070010090101|Strong=2050b 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_1:9!10|MId=o070010090102|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 שְּׁפֵלָֽה שְׁפֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=Shephelah|Ref=JDG_1:9!10|MId=o070010090103|Strong=8219 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=JDG_1:9!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָֽרְדוּ *they went down* | qatal · qal | בְּנֵי *the descendants* | | | | | הִלָּחֵם *fight* | infinitive construct · niphal | בְּנֵי *the descendants* | | | | | יוֹשֵׁב *\[who was\] dwelling* | participle active · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבָתַר כֵּן נְחָתוּ בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא בִּכְנַעֲנָאֵי יָתֵיב טוּרָא וְדָרוֹמָא וּשְׁפֶלְתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites that dwelt in the hill-country, and in the South, and in the Lowland.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.8/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:8`. - ← previous: [Judges 1:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.8/) - next →: [Judges 1:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.10/) - ↑ back to [Judges 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/1/)