--- title: Judges 10:8 — And they oppressed and crushed the children of Israel that year; eig… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they oppressed and crushed the children of Israel that year; eighteen years oppressed they all the children of Israel that were beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead. Who acts: Baalim, children, land. Judges 10:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.10.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/10/) / 10:8 # Judges 10:8 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Baalim, children, land · **What happens:** oppress, crush, be · **To what, where:** children, land, Gilead This is Judges 10:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Baalim, children, land — and what happens in the verse to children, land, Gilead, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיִּרְעֲצ֤וּ וַיְרֹֽצְצוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑יא שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה שָׁנָ֗ה אֶֽת־כָּל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּגִּלְעָֽד׃ [And they oppressed and crushed the children of Israel that year; eighteen years oppressed they all the children of Israel that were beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.325/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:309 # text = וַֽיִּרְעֲצ֤וּ וַיְרֹֽצְצוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑יא שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה שָׁנָ֗ה אֶֽת־כָּל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּגִּלְעָֽד׃ # verse = JDG.10.8 1-2 וַֽיִּרְעֲצ֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_10:8!1|MId=o070100080011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּרְעֲצ֤וּ רָעַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.shattered|Ref=JDG_10:8!1|MId=o070100080012|Strong=7492|Frame=A0:070100070071;070100070091;A1:070100080041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַיְרֹֽצְצוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_10:8!2|MId=o070100080021|Strong=2050b 4 יְרֹֽצְצוּ֙ רָצַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.crushed|Ref=JDG_10:8!2|MId=o070100080022|Strong=7533|Frame=A0:070100070071;070100070091;A1:070100080041;|Type=wayyiqtol 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_10:8!3|MId=o070100080031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_10:8!4|MId=o070100080041|Strong=1121 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_10:8!5|MId=o070100080051|Strong=3478 8-10 בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_10:8!6|MId=o070100080061|Strong=0871a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_10:8!6|MId=o070100080061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 שָּׁנָ֖ה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=year|Ref=JDG_10:8!6|MId=o070100080062|Strong=8141 11-12 הַהִ֑יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_10:8!7|MId=o070100080071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 הִ֑יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=JDG_10:8!7|MId=o070100080072|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 13 שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה שְׁמֹנֶה NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 nummod _ Gloss=eight-|Ref=JDG_10:8!8|MId=o070100080081|Strong=8083|Type=cardinal_number 14 עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה עֶשְׂרֵה NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 flat _ Gloss=teen|Ref=JDG_10:8!9|MId=o070100080091|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 15 שָׁנָ֗ה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=year[s]|Ref=JDG_10:8!10|MId=o070100080101|Strong=8141 16 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_10:8!11|MId=o070100080111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_10:8!12|MId=o070100080121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 18 בְּנֵ֤י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_10:8!13|MId=o070100080131|Strong=1121 19 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_10:8!14|MId=o070100080141|Strong=3478 20 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JDG_10:8!15|MId=o070100080151|Strong=0834|Type=relative 21-22 בְּעֵ֣בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=[were].on|Ref=JDG_10:8!16|MId=o070100080161|Strong=0871a 22 עֵ֣בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=JDG_10:8!16|MId=o070100080162|Strong=5676 23-24 הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_10:8!17|MId=o070100080171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JDG_10:8!17|MId=o070100080172|Strong=3383 25-26 בְּאֶ֥רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_10:8!18|MId=o070100080181|Strong=0871a 26 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JDG_10:8!18|MId=o070100080182|Strong=0776 27-28 הָאֱמֹרִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_10:8!19|MId=o070100080191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אֱמֹרִ֖י אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Amorite[s]|Ref=JDG_10:8!19|MId=o070100080192|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic 29 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 32 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JDG_10:8!20|MId=o070100080201|Strong=0834|Type=relative 30-32 בַּגִּלְעָֽד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=JDG_10:8!21|MId=o070100080211|Strong=0871a 31 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_10:8!21|MId=o070100080211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 גִּלְעָֽד גִּלְעָד PROPN _ _ 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Gilead|Ref=JDG_10:8!21|MId=o070100080212|Strong=1568 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JDG_10:8!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּרְעֲצוּ *they shattered* | wayyiqtol · qal | | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | יְרֹֽצְצוּ *they crushed* | wayyiqtol · poel | | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּדְחַקוּ וְשַׁעֲבִּידוּ יַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּשַׁתָּא הַהִיא תְּמַנְיָא עַסְרֵי שְׁנִין יַת כָּל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל דִבְעִבְרָא דְיַרְדְנָא בְּאַרְעָא אֱמוֹרָאָה דִי בְגִלְעָד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they oppressed and crushed the children of Israel that year; eighteen years oppressed they all the children of Israel that were beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.325/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:309`. - ← previous: [Judges 10:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.10.7/) - next →: [Judges 10:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.10.9/) - ↑ back to [Judges 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/10/)