--- title: Judges 11:13 — And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah: 'Because Israel took away my land, when he came up out of Egypt, from the Arnon even unto the Jabbok, and unto the Jordan; now therefore restore those cities peaceably.' Who acts: king, Israel, Jephthah. Judges 11:13 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.11.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/11/) / 11:13 # Judges 11:13 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** king, Israel, Jephthah · **What happens:** answer, take away, come up, restore · **To what, where:** land, Arnon, Egypt, cities This is Judges 11:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, Israel, Jephthah — and what happens in the verse to land, Arnon, Egypt, cities, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יִפְתָּ֗ח כִּֽי־לָקַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶת־אַרְצִי֙ בַּעֲלוֹת֣וֹ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם מֵאַרְנ֥וֹן וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּ֖ק וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְעַתָּ֕ה הָשִׁ֥יבָה אֶתְהֶ֖ן בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ [And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah: 'Because Israel took away my land, when he came up out of Egypt, from the Arnon even unto the Jabbok, and unto the Jordan; now therefore restore those cities peaceably.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.349/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:332 # text = וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יִפְתָּ֗ח כִּֽי־לָקַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶת־אַרְצִי֙ בַּעֲלוֹת֣וֹ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם מֵאַרְנ֥וֹן וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּ֖ק וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְעַתָּ֕ה הָשִׁ֥יבָה אֶתְהֶ֖ן בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ # verse = JDG.11.13 1-2 וַיֹּאמֶר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_11:13!1|MId=o070110130011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמֶר֩ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_11:13!1|MId=o070110130012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070110130021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מֶ֨לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JDG_11:13!2|MId=o070110130021|Strong=4428 4 בְּנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=JDG_11:13!3|MId=o070110130031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 5 עַמּ֜וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=JDG_11:13!4|MId=o070110130041|Strong=5983 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_11:13!5|MId=o070110130051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 מַלְאֲכֵ֣י מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=the.messengers|Ref=JDG_11:13!6|MId=o070110130061|Strong=4397 8 יִפְתָּ֗ח יִפְתָּח PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jephthah|Ref=JDG_11:13!7|MId=o070110130071|Strong=3316 9 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_11:13!8|MId=o070110130081|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 10 לָקַ֨ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=it.took|Ref=JDG_11:13!9|MId=o070110130091|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:070110130101;A1:070110130121;|Type=qatal 11 יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JDG_11:13!10|MId=o070110130101|Strong=3478 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_11:13!11|MId=o070110130111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 אַרְצִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JDG_11:13!12|MId=o070110130121|Strong=0776 14 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JDG_11:13!12|MId=o070110130122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15-17 בַּעֲלוֹת֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=JDG_11:13!13|MId=o070110130131|Strong=0871a 16 עֲלוֹת עָלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 advcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JDG_11:13!13|MId=o070110130132|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:070110130133;|Type=infinitive_construct 17 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=came.up|Ref=JDG_11:13!13|MId=o070110130133|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_11:13!14|MId=o070110130141|Strong=4480 19 מִּצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=JDG_11:13!14|MId=o070110130142|Strong=4714 20-21 מֵאַרְנ֥וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JDG_11:13!15|MId=o070110130151|Strong=4480 21 אַרְנ֥וֹן אַרְנוֹן PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Arnon|Ref=JDG_11:13!15|MId=o070110130152|Strong=0769 22-23 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_11:13!16|MId=o070110130161|Strong=2050b 23 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_11:13!16|MId=o070110130162|Strong=5704 24-25 הַיַּבֹּ֖ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_11:13!17|MId=o070110130171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 יַּבֹּ֖ק יַבֹּק PROPN _ _ 21 conj _ Gloss=Jabbok|Ref=JDG_11:13!17|MId=o070110130172|Strong=2999 26-27 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_11:13!18|MId=o070110130181|Strong=2050b 27 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_11:13!18|MId=o070110130182|Strong=5704 28-29 הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_11:13!19|MId=o070110130191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 21 conj _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=JDG_11:13!19|MId=o070110130192|Strong=3383 30-31 וְעַתָּ֕ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_11:13!20|MId=o070110130201|Strong=2050b 31 עַתָּ֕ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JDG_11:13!20|MId=o070110130202|Strong=6258 32-33 הָשִׁ֥יבָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הָשִׁ֥יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=restore|Ref=JDG_11:13!21|MId=o070110130211|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:070110130071;A0:070110130222;|Type=imperative 33 ָה ה X _ _ 32 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_11:13!21|MId=o070110130212|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 34-35 אֶתְהֶ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אֶת אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_11:13!22|MId=o070110130221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 35 ְהֶ֖ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_11:13!22|MId=o070110130222|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 36-37 בְּשָׁלֽוֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_11:13!23|MId=o070110130231|Strong=0871a 37 שָׁלֽוֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=peace|Ref=JDG_11:13!23|MId=o070110130232|Strong=7965 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=JDG_11:13!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | | לָקַח *it took* | qatal · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | אַרְצ *land* | | | | עֲלוֹת *it* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *came up* | | | | | הָשִׁיב *restore* | imperative · hiphil | ְהֶן *them* | | | יִפְתָּח *of Jephthah* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא דִבְנֵי עַמוֹן לְאִזְגַדֵי יִפְתָּח אֲרֵי נְסִיב יִשְׂרָאֵל יַת אַרְעִי בְּמִסְקֵיהּ מִמִצְרַיִם מֵאַרְנוֹנָא וְעַד יוּבְקָא וְעַד יַרְדְנָא וּכְעַן אֲתֵיב יַתְהֶן בִּשְׁלָם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah: 'Because Israel took away my land, when he came up out of Egypt, from the Arnon even unto the Jabbok, and unto the Jordan; now therefore restore those cities peaceably.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.349/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:332`. - ← previous: [Judges 11:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.11.12/) - next →: [Judges 11:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.11.14/) - ↑ back to [Judges 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/11/)