--- title: Judges 12:1 — And the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and passed to Zaphon;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and passed to Zaphon; and they said unto Jephthah: 'Wherefore didst thou pass over to fight against the children of Ammon, and didst not call us to go with thee? we will burn thy house upon thee with fire.' Who acts: men, thou. Judges 12:1 in Hebrew wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/12/) / 12:1 # Judges 12:1 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** men, thou · **What happens:** gather, pass, say, pass over, fight, not call · **To what, where:** men, Zaphon, us, house · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 12:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, thou — and what happens in the verse to men, Zaphon, us, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּצָּעֵק֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר צָפ֑וֹנָה וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ לְיִפְתָּ֜ח מַדּ֣וּעַ ׀ עָבַ֣רְתָּ ׀ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בִּבְנֵי־עַמּ֗וֹן וְלָ֙נוּ֙ לֹ֤א קָרָ֙אתָ֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת עִמָּ֔ךְ בֵּיתְךָ֕ נִשְׂרֹ֥ף עָלֶ֖יךָ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ [And the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and passed to Zaphon; and they said unto Jephthah: 'Wherefore didst thou pass over to fight against the children of Ammon, and didst not call us to go with thee? we will burn thy house upon thee with fire.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.381/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:360 # text = וַיִּצָּעֵק֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר צָפ֑וֹנָה וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ לְיִפְתָּ֜ח מַדּ֣וּעַ ׀ עָבַ֣רְתָּ ׀ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בִּבְנֵי־עַמּ֗וֹן וְלָ֙נוּ֙ לֹ֤א קָרָ֙אתָ֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת עִמָּ֔ךְ בֵּיתְךָ֕ נִשְׂרֹ֥ף עָלֶ֖יךָ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ # verse = JDG.12.1 1-2 וַיִּצָּעֵק֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:1!1|MId=o070120010011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּצָּעֵק֙ צָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was.summoned|Ref=JDG_12:1!1|MId=o070120010012|Strong=6817|Frame=A1:070120010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=JDG_12:1!2|MId=o070120010021|Strong=0376 4 אֶפְרַ֔יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JDG_12:1!3|MId=o070120010031|Strong=0669 5-6 וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:1!4|MId=o070120010041|Strong=2050b 6 יַּעֲבֹ֖ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.passed.over|Ref=JDG_12:1!4|MId=o070120010042|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:070120010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 7-8 צָפ֑וֹנָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 צָפ֑וֹנ צָפוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=northward|Ref=JDG_12:1!5|MId=o070120010051|Strong=6828 8 ָה ה X _ _ 7 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_12:1!5|MId=o070120010052|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 9-10 וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:1!6|MId=o070120010061|Strong=2050b 10 יֹּאמְר֨וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JDG_12:1!6|MId=o070120010062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070120010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-12 לְיִפְתָּ֜ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_12:1!7|MId=o070120010071|Strong=3807a 12 יִפְתָּ֜ח יִפְתָּח PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Jephthah|Ref=JDG_12:1!7|MId=o070120010072|Strong=3316 13 מַדּ֣וּעַ מַדּוּעַ ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=why?|Ref=JDG_12:1!8|MId=o070120010081|Strong=4069|Type=interrogative 14 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=JDG_12:1!8 15 עָבַ֣רְתָּ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 ccomp _ Gloss=did.you.pass.over|Ref=JDG_12:1!9|MId=o070120010091|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:070120010072;|Type=qatal 16 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=JDG_12:1!9 17-18 לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_12:1!10|MId=o070120010101|Strong=3807a 18 הִלָּחֵ֣ם לָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 15 advcl _ Gloss=wage.war|Ref=JDG_12:1!10|MId=o070120010102|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:070120010072;|Type=infinitive_construct 19-20 בִּבְנֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JDG_12:1!11|MId=o070120010111|Strong=0871a 20 בְנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_12:1!11|MId=o070120010112|Strong=1121 21 עַמּ֗וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=JDG_12:1!12|MId=o070120010121|Strong=5983 22-24 וְלָ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:1!13|MId=o070120010131|Strong=2050b 23 ל לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JDG_12:1!13|MId=o070120010132|Strong=3807a 24 ָ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=JDG_12:1!13|MId=o070120010133|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 25 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_12:1!14|MId=o070120010141|Strong=3808|Type=negative 26 קָרָ֙אתָ֙ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 15 conj _ Gloss=you.summoned|Ref=JDG_12:1!15|MId=o070120010151|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:070120010072;|Type=qatal 27-28 לָלֶ֣כֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_12:1!16|MId=o070120010161|Strong=3807a 28 לֶ֣כֶת הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 26 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=JDG_12:1!16|MId=o070120010162|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:070120010021;|Type=infinitive_construct 29-30 עִמָּ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_12:1!17|MId=o070120010171|Strong=5973 30 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JDG_12:1!17|MId=o070120010172|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 31-32 בֵּיתְךָ֕ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obj _ Gloss=house|Ref=JDG_12:1!18|MId=o070120010181|Strong=1004 32 ְךָ֕ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JDG_12:1!18|MId=o070120010182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 33 נִשְׂרֹ֥ף שָׂרַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 26 ccomp _ Gloss=we.will.burn|Ref=JDG_12:1!19|MId=o070120010191|Strong=8313|Frame=A0:070120010021;A1:070120010181;|Type=yiqtol 34-35 עָלֶ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 עָלֶ֖י עַל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=JDG_12:1!20|MId=o070120010201|Strong=5921 35 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JDG_12:1!20|MId=o070120010202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 36-38 בָּאֵֽשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_12:1!21|MId=o070120010211|Strong=0871a 37 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_12:1!21|MId=o070120010211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 אֵֽשׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=JDG_12:1!21|MId=o070120010212|Strong=0784 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=JDG_12:1!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּצָּעֵק *it was summoned* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | יַּעֲבֹר *it passed over* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | עָבַרְתָּ *did you pass over* | qatal · qal | יִפְתָּח *Jephthah* | | | | | הִלָּחֵם *wage war* | infinitive construct · niphal | יִפְתָּח *Jephthah* | | | | | **not** קָרָאתָ *you summoned* | qatal · qal | יִפְתָּח *Jephthah* | | | | | לֶכֶת *go* | infinitive construct · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | נִשְׂרֹף *we will burn* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | בֵּית *house* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְכְּנַשׁ אֱנַשׁ אֶפְרַיִם וַעֲבַר לְצִפּוּנָא וַאֲמַרוּ לְיִפְתָּח מָא דֵין עֲבַרְתָּא לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא בִּבְנֵי עַמוֹן וְלָנָא לָא קְרֵיתָא לְמֵיזַל עִמָךְ בֵּיתָךְ נוֹקֵד עֲלָךְ בְּנוּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and passed to Zaphon; and they said unto Jephthah: 'Wherefore didst thou pass over to fight against the children of Ammon, and didst not call us to go with thee? we will burn thy house upon thee with fire.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.381/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:360`. - ← previous: [Judges 11:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.11.40/) - next →: [Judges 12:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.2/) - ↑ back to [Judges 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/12/)