--- title: Judges 12:4 — Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought wi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought with Ephraim; and the men of Gilead smote Ephraim, because they said: 'Ye are fugitives of Ephraim, ye Gileadites, in the midst of Ephraim, and in the midst of Manasseh.' Who acts: Jephthah, men, Ye. Judges 12:4 in Hebrew with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/12/) / 12:4 # Judges 12:4 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Jephthah, men, Ye · **What happens:** gather together, fight, smite, say, be · **To what, where:** men, Ephraim, fugitives, midst · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 12:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jephthah, men, Ye — and what happens in the verse to men, Ephraim, fugitives, midst, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ יִפְתָּח֙ אֶת־כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם אֶת־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיַּכּוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י גִלְעָ֜ד אֶת־אֶפְרַ֗יִם כִּ֤י אָמְרוּ֙ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אַתֶּ֔ם גִּלְעָ֕ד בְּת֥וֹךְ אֶפְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ [Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought with Ephraim; and the men of Gilead smote Ephraim, because they said: 'Ye are fugitives of Ephraim, ye Gileadites, in the midst of Ephraim, and in the midst of Manasseh.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.384/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:363 # text = וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ יִפְתָּח֙ אֶת־כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם אֶת־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיַּכּוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י גִלְעָ֜ד אֶת־אֶפְרַ֗יִם כִּ֤י אָמְרוּ֙ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אַתֶּ֔ם גִּלְעָ֕ד בְּת֥וֹךְ אֶפְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ # verse = JDG.12.4 1-2 וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:4!1|MId=o070120040011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְבֹּ֤ץ קָבַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.gathered|Ref=JDG_12:4!1|MId=o070120040012|Strong=6908|Frame=A0:070120040021;A1:070120040051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יִפְתָּח֙ יִפְתָּח PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jephthah|Ref=JDG_12:4!2|MId=o070120040021|Strong=3316 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_12:4!3|MId=o070120040031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_12:4!4|MId=o070120040041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6 אַנְשֵׁ֣י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=JDG_12:4!5|MId=o070120040051|Strong=0376 7 גִלְעָ֔ד גִּלְעָד PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Gilead|Ref=JDG_12:4!6|MId=o070120040061|Strong=1568 8-9 וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:4!7|MId=o070120040071|Strong=2050b 9 יִּלָּ֖חֶם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.fought|Ref=JDG_12:4!7|MId=o070120040072|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:070120040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_12:4!8|MId=o070120040081|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 11 אֶפְרָ֑יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=Ephraim|Ref=JDG_12:4!9|MId=o070120040091|Strong=0669 12-13 וַיַּכּוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:4!10|MId=o070120040101|Strong=2050b 13 יַּכּוּ֩ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.defeated|Ref=JDG_12:4!10|MId=o070120040102|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:070120040111;A0:070120040141;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 אַנְשֵׁ֨י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=JDG_12:4!11|MId=o070120040111|Strong=0376 15 גִלְעָ֜ד גִּלְעָד PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Gilead|Ref=JDG_12:4!12|MId=o070120040121|Strong=1568 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_12:4!13|MId=o070120040131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17 אֶפְרַ֗יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 13 obj _ Gloss=Ephraim|Ref=JDG_12:4!14|MId=o070120040141|Strong=0669 18 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_12:4!15|MId=o070120040151|Strong=3588 19 אָמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.had.said|Ref=JDG_12:4!16|MId=o070120040161|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070120040141;|Type=qatal 20 פְּלִיטֵ֤י פָּלִיט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 ccomp _ Gloss=[are].fugitives|Ref=JDG_12:4!17|MId=o070120040171|Strong=6412 21 אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JDG_12:4!18|MId=o070120040181|Strong=0669 22 אַתֶּ֔ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JDG_12:4!19|MId=o070120040191|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 23 גִּלְעָ֕ד גִּלְעָד PROPN _ _ 20 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Gilead|Ref=JDG_12:4!20|MId=o070120040201|Strong=1568 24-25 בְּת֥וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_12:4!21|MId=o070120040211|Strong=0871a 25 ת֥וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=JDG_12:4!21|MId=o070120040212|Strong=8432 26 אֶפְרַ֖יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JDG_12:4!22|MId=o070120040221|Strong=0669 27-28 בְּת֥וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_12:4!23|MId=o070120040231|Strong=0871a 28 ת֥וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=JDG_12:4!23|MId=o070120040232|Strong=8432 29 מְנַשֶּֽׁה מְנַשֶּׁה PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Manasseh|Ref=JDG_12:4!24|MId=o070120040241|Strong=4519|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JDG_12:4!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְבֹּץ *he gathered* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִפְתָּח *Jephthah* | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | יִּלָּחֶם *he fought* | wayyiqtol · niphal | יִפְתָּח *Jephthah* | | | | | יַּכּוּ *they defeated* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אֶפְרַיִם *Ephraim* | | | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | אָמְרוּ *they had said* | qatal · qal | אֶפְרַיִם *Ephraim* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּכְנַשׁ יִפְתָּח יַת כָּל אֱנָשֵׁי גִלְעָד וְאַגִיחַ קְרָבָא עִם דְבֵית אֶפְרָיִם וּמְחוֹ אֱנָשֵׁי גִלְעָד יַת דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם אֲרֵי אֲמַרוּ מְשֵׁיזְבַיָא דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם מָה אַתּוּן חֲשִׁיבִין דְבֵית גִלְעָד בְּנֵי בֵית אֶפְרַיִם בְּגוֹ בֵית מְנַשֶׁה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought with Ephraim; and the men of Gilead smote Ephraim, because they said: 'Ye are fugitives of Ephraim, ye Gileadites, in the midst of Ephraim, and in the midst of Manasseh.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.384/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:363`. - ← previous: [Judges 12:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.3/) - next →: [Judges 12:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.5/) - ↑ back to [Judges 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/12/)