--- title: Judges 12:5 — And the Gileadites took the fords of the Jordan against the Ephraimi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the Gileadites took the fords of the Jordan against the Ephraimites; and it was so, that when any of the fugitives of Ephraim said: 'Let me go over,' the men of Gilead said unto him: 'Art thou an Ephraimite?' If he said: 'Nay'; Who acts: Gileadites, it, any, me. Judges 12:5 in Hebrew with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/12/) / 12:5 # Judges 12:5 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Gileadites, it, any, me, men, thou · **What happens:** take, be, say, let, go over · **To what, where:** fords, me, Ephraimite · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 12:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Gileadites, it, any, me, men, thou — and what happens in the verse to fords, me, Ephraimite, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּלְכֹּ֥ד גִּלְעָ֛ד אֶֽת־מַעְבְּר֥וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְֽ֠הָיָה כִּ֣י יֹאמְר֞וּ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶעֱבֹ֔רָה וַיֹּ֨אמְרוּ ל֧וֹ אַנְשֵֽׁי־גִלְעָ֛ד הַֽאֶפְרָתִ֥י אַ֖תָּה וַיֹּ֥אמֶֽר ׀ לֹֽא׃ [And the Gileadites took the fords of the Jordan against the Ephraimites; and it was so, that when any of the fugitives of Ephraim said: 'Let me go over,' the men of Gilead said unto him: 'Art thou an Ephraimite?' If he said: 'Nay';](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.385/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:364 # text = וַיִּלְכֹּ֥ד גִּלְעָ֛ד אֶֽת־מַעְבְּר֥וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְֽ֠הָיָה כִּ֣י יֹאמְר֞וּ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶעֱבֹ֔רָה וַיֹּ֨אמְרוּ ל֧וֹ אַנְשֵֽׁי־גִלְעָ֛ד הַֽאֶפְרָתִ֥י אַ֖תָּה וַיֹּ֥אמֶֽר ׀ לֹֽא׃ # verse = JDG.12.5 1-2 וַיִּלְכֹּ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:5!1|MId=o070120050011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּלְכֹּ֥ד לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.captured|Ref=JDG_12:5!1|MId=o070120050012|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:070120050021;A1:070120050041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 גִּלְעָ֛ד גִּלְעָד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Gilead|Ref=JDG_12:5!2|MId=o070120050021|Strong=1568 4 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_12:5!3|MId=o070120050031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 מַעְבְּר֥וֹת מַעֲבָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=the.fords|Ref=JDG_12:5!4|MId=o070120050041|Strong=4569a 6-7 הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_12:5!5|MId=o070120050051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 יַּרְדֵּ֖ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JDG_12:5!5|MId=o070120050052|Strong=3383 8-9 לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_12:5!6|MId=o070120050061|Strong=3807a 9 אֶפְרָ֑יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Ephraim|Ref=JDG_12:5!6|MId=o070120050062|Strong=0669 10-11 וְֽ֠הָיָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְֽ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:5!7|MId=o070120050071|Strong=2050b 11 הָיָה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JDG_12:5!7|MId=o070120050072|Strong=1961|Type=qatal 12 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_12:5!8|MId=o070120050081|Strong=3588 13 יֹאמְר֞וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JDG_12:5!9|MId=o070120050091|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070120050101;|Type=yiqtol 14 פְּלִיטֵ֤י פָּלִיט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=the.fugitives|Ref=JDG_12:5!10|MId=o070120050101|Strong=6412 15 אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JDG_12:5!11|MId=o070120050111|Strong=0669 16 אֶעֱבֹ֔רָה עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 13 ccomp _ Gloss=let.me.pass.over|Ref=JDG_12:5!12|MId=o070120050121|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:070120050101;|Type=yiqtol 17-18 וַיֹּ֨אמְרוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:5!13|MId=o070120050131|Strong=2050b 18 יֹּ֨אמְרוּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JDG_12:5!13|MId=o070120050132|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070120050151;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 ל֧וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ל לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_12:5!14|MId=o070120050141|Strong=3807a 20 ֧וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_12:5!14|MId=o070120050142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21 אַנְשֵֽׁי־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=JDG_12:5!15|MId=o070120050151|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 22 גִלְעָ֛ד גִּלְעָד PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Gilead|Ref=JDG_12:5!16|MId=o070120050161|Strong=1568 23-24 הַֽאֶפְרָתִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַֽ הֲ PART _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=an|Ref=JDG_12:5!17|MId=o070120050171|Strong=1886b|Type=definite_article 24 אֶפְרָתִ֥י אֶפְרָתִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 ccomp _ Gloss=Ephrathite?|Ref=JDG_12:5!17|MId=o070120050172|Strong=0673|Type=gentilic 25 אַ֖תָּה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].you|Ref=JDG_12:5!18|MId=o070120050181|Strong=0859|Type=personal 26-27 וַיֹּ֥אמֶֽר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:5!19|MId=o070120050191|Strong=2050b 27 יֹּ֥אמֶֽר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_12:5!19|MId=o070120050192|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070120050101;|Type=wayyiqtol 28 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JDG_12:5!19 29 לֹֽא לֹא ADV _ _ 27 ccomp _ Gloss=no|Ref=JDG_12:5!20|MId=o070120050201|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JDG_12:5!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּלְכֹּד *it captured* | wayyiqtol · qal | גִּלְעָד *Gilead* | מַעְבְּרוֹת *the fords* | | | | יֹאמְרוּ *they said* | yiqtol · qal | פְּלִיטֵי *the fugitives* | | | | | אֶעֱבֹרָה *let me pass over* | yiqtol · qal | פְּלִיטֵי *the fugitives* | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַנְשֵֽׁי־ *the men* | | | | | **not** יֹּאמֶֽר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | פְּלִיטֵי *the fugitives* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲחַדוּ דְבֵית גִלְעָד יַת מְגִיזַת יַרְדְנָא עַל דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם וַהֲוָה כַּד אֲמַר חַד מִמְשֵׁיזְבַיָא דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם אֶעְבַר וְאָמְרִין לֵיהּ אֱנָשֵׁי גִלְעָד אֶפְרָתִי אַתְּ וַאֲמַר לָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the Gileadites took the fords of the Jordan against the Ephraimites; and it was so, that when any of the fugitives of Ephraim said: 'Let me go over,' the men of Gilead said unto him: 'Art thou an Ephraimite?' If he said: 'Nay';](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.385/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:364`. - ← previous: [Judges 12:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.4/) - next →: [Judges 12:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.6/) - ↑ back to [Judges 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/12/)