--- title: Judges 12:6 — then said they unto him: 'Say now Shibboleth'; and he said 'Sibbolet… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: then said they unto him: 'Say now Shibboleth'; and he said 'Sibboleth'; for he could not frame to pronounce it right; then they laid hold on him, and slew him at the fords of the Jordan; and there fell at that time of Ephraim forty and two thousand. Who acts: men, Ephraim. Judges 12:6 in Hebrew with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/12/) / 12:6 # Judges 12:6 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** men, Ephraim · **What happens:** say, not frame, pronounce, lay, slay, fall · **To what, where:** Shibboleth, Sibboleth, Jordan, hold, Ephraim, fords · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 12:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, Ephraim — and what happens in the verse to Shibboleth, Sibboleth, Jordan, hold, Ephraim, fords, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ אֱמָר־נָ֨א שִׁבֹּ֜לֶת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר סִבֹּ֗לֶת וְלֹ֤א יָכִין֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר כֵּ֔ן וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּ אוֹת֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁחָט֖וּהוּ אֶל־מַעְבְּר֣וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּפֹּ֞ל בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנַ֖יִם אָֽלֶף׃ [then said they unto him: 'Say now Shibboleth'; and he said 'Sibboleth'; for he could not frame to pronounce it right; then they laid hold on him, and slew him at the fords of the Jordan; and there fell at that time of Ephraim forty and two thousand.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.386/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:365 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ אֱמָר־נָ֨א שִׁבֹּ֜לֶת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר סִבֹּ֗לֶת וְלֹ֤א יָכִין֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר כֵּ֔ן וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּ אוֹת֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁחָט֖וּהוּ אֶל־מַעְבְּר֣וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּפֹּ֞ל בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנַ֖יִם אָֽלֶף׃ # verse = JDG.12.6 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:6!1|MId=o070120060011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמְרוּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JDG_12:6!1|MId=o070120060012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070120050151;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לוֹ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_12:6!2|MId=o070120060021|Strong=3807a 4 וֹ֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_12:6!2|MId=o070120060022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 אֱמָר־ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=say|Ref=JDG_12:6!3|MId=o070120060031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070120050101;A1:070120060051;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 6 נָ֨א נָא INTJ _ _ 5 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=JDG_12:6!4|MId=o070120060041|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 7 שִׁבֹּ֜לֶת שִׁבֹּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=Shibboleth|Ref=JDG_12:6!5|MId=o070120060051|Strong=7641 8-9 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:6!6|MId=o070120060061|Strong=2050b 9 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_12:6!6|MId=o070120060062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070120050101;A1:070120060071;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 סִבֹּ֗לֶת סִבֹּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=Sibboleth|Ref=JDG_12:6!7|MId=o070120060071|Strong=5451 11-12 וְלֹ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:6!8|MId=o070120060081|Strong=2050b 12 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_12:6!8|MId=o070120060082|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 יָכִין֙ כּוּן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.gave.attention|Ref=JDG_12:6!9|MId=o070120060091|Strong=3559|Frame=A0:070120050101;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 לְדַבֵּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_12:6!10|MId=o070120060101|Strong=3807a 15 דַבֵּ֣ר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 13 advcl _ Gloss=speak|Ref=JDG_12:6!10|MId=o070120060102|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:070120050101;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 כֵּ֔ן כֵּן ADJ _ PronType=Dem 15 advmod _ Gloss=right|Ref=JDG_12:6!11|MId=o070120060111|Strong=3651a|Type=demonstrative 17-18 וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:6!12|MId=o070120060121|Strong=2050b 18 יֹּאחֲז֣וּ אָחַז VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.seized|Ref=JDG_12:6!12|MId=o070120060122|Strong=0270|Frame=A0:070120050151;A1:070120060132;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 אוֹת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_12:6!13|MId=o070120060131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 20 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_12:6!13|MId=o070120060132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-23 וַיִּשְׁחָט֖וּהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:6!14|MId=o070120060141|Strong=2050b 22 יִּשְׁחָט֖וּ שָׁחַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_12:6!14|MId=o070120060142|Strong=7819|Frame=A0:070120050151;A1:070120060143;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=slaughtered.him|Ref=JDG_12:6!14|MId=o070120060143|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_12:6!15|MId=o070120060151|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 25 מַעְבְּר֣וֹת מַעֲבָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=the.fords|Ref=JDG_12:6!16|MId=o070120060161|Strong=4569a 26-27 הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_12:6!17|MId=o070120060171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JDG_12:6!17|MId=o070120060172|Strong=3383 28-29 וַיִּפֹּ֞ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:6!18|MId=o070120060181|Strong=2050b 29 יִּפֹּ֞ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.fell|Ref=JDG_12:6!18|MId=o070120060182|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:070120060221;070120060232;070120060241;|Type=wayyiqtol 30-32 בָּעֵ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JDG_12:6!19|MId=o070120060191|Strong=0871a 31 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_12:6!19|MId=o070120060191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 עֵ֤ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=time|Ref=JDG_12:6!19|MId=o070120060192|Strong=6256 33-34 הַהִיא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_12:6!20|MId=o070120060201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 הִיא֙ הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=JDG_12:6!20|MId=o070120060202|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 35-36 מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_12:6!21|MId=o070120060211|Strong=4480 36 אֶפְרַ֔יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 29 obl _ Gloss=Ephraim|Ref=JDG_12:6!21|MId=o070120060212|Strong=0669 37 אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אַרְבַּע NUM _ Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Gloss=forty|Ref=JDG_12:6!22|MId=o070120060221|Strong=0705|Type=cardinal_number 38-39 וּשְׁנַ֖יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_12:6!23|MId=o070120060231|Strong=2050b 39 שְׁנַ֖יִם שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 37 conj _ Gloss=two|Ref=JDG_12:6!23|MId=o070120060232|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 40 אָֽלֶף אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Sing 37 flat _ Gloss=thousand|Ref=JDG_12:6!24|MId=o070120060241|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number|SpaceAfter=No 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=JDG_12:6!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֱמָר־ *say* | imperative · qal | | שִׁבֹּלֶת *Shibboleth* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | סִבֹּלֶת *Sibboleth* | | | | **not** יָכִין *he gave attention* | yiqtol · hiphil | | | | | | דַבֵּר *speak* | infinitive construct · piel | | | | | | יֹּאחֲזוּ *they seized* | wayyiqtol · qal | | וֹ *him* | | | | יִּשְׁחָטוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · qal | | הוּ *slaughtered him* | | | | יִּפֹּל *it fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַרְבָּעִים *forty* + שְׁנַיִם *two* + אָֽלֶף *thousand* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאָמְרִין לֵיהּ אֱמַר כְּעַן שׁוּבַּלְתָּא וַאֲמַר סוּבַּלְתָא וְלָא מְתַקֵין לְמַלָלָא כֵּן וְאַחֲדִין לֵיהּ וְנַכְסִין לֵיהּ בִמְזִיגַת יַרְדְנָא וְאִתְקְטָלוּ בְעִידָנָא הַהִיא מֵאֶפְרַיִם אַרְבְּעִין וּתְרֵין אַלְפִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [then said they unto him: 'Say now Shibboleth'; and he said 'Sibboleth'; for he could not frame to pronounce it right; then they laid hold on him, and slew him at the fords of the Jordan; and there fell at that time of Ephraim forty and two thousand.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.386/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:365`. - ← previous: [Judges 12:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.5/) - next →: [Judges 12:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.7/) - ↑ back to [Judges 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/12/)