--- title: Judges 18:14 — Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren: 'Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.' Who acts: five men, ye, ephod. Judges 18:14 in Heb --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.18.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/18/) / 18:14 # Judges 18:14 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** five men, ye, ephod · **What happens:** answer, go, spy out, say, know, be · **To what, where:** country, houses · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 18:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — five men, ye, ephod — and what happens in the verse to country, houses, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיַּעֲנ֞וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַהֹלְכִים֮ לְרַגֵּל֮ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ לַיִשׁ֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם הַיְדַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֠י יֵ֣שׁ בַּבָּתִּ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵפ֣וֹד וּתְרָפִ֔ים וּפֶ֖סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֑ה וְעַתָּ֖ה דְּע֥וּ מַֽה־תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃ [Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren: 'Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.530/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:497 # text = וַֽיַּעֲנ֞וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַהֹלְכִים֮ לְרַגֵּל֮ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ לַיִשׁ֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם הַיְדַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֠י יֵ֣שׁ בַּבָּתִּ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵפ֣וֹד וּתְרָפִ֔ים וּפֶ֖סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֑ה וְעַתָּ֖ה דְּע֥וּ מַֽה־תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃ # verse = JDG.18.14 1-2 וַֽיַּעֲנ֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:14!1|MId=o070180140011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעֲנ֞וּ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.answered|Ref=JDG_18:14!1|MId=o070180140012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:070180140032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nummod _ Gloss=the.five|Ref=JDG_18:14!2|MId=o070180140021|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 4-5 הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_18:14!3|MId=o070180140031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אֲנָשִׁ֗ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JDG_18:14!3|MId=o070180140032|Strong=0376 6-7 הַהֹלְכִים֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=JDG_18:14!4|MId=o070180140041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 הֹלְכִים֮ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 appos _ Gloss=had].gone|Ref=JDG_18:14!4|MId=o070180140042|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:070180140032;|Type=participle_active 8-9 לְרַגֵּל֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_18:14!5|MId=o070180140051|Strong=3807a 9 רַגֵּל֮ רָגַל VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 7 advcl _ Gloss=spy.out|Ref=JDG_18:14!5|MId=o070180140052|Strong=7270|Frame=A0:070180140032;A1:070180140072;|Type=infinitive_construct 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_18:14!6|MId=o070180140061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הָאָ֣רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_18:14!7|MId=o070180140071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אָ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JDG_18:14!7|MId=o070180140072|Strong=0776 13 לַיִשׁ֒ לַיִשׁ PROPN _ _ 12 appos _ Gloss=Laish|Ref=JDG_18:14!8|MId=o070180140081|Strong=3919a 14-15 וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:14!9|MId=o070180140091|Strong=2050b 15 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JDG_18:14!9|MId=o070180140092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070180140032;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_18:14!10|MId=o070180140101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֲחֵי אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=JDG_18:14!11|MId=o070180140111|Strong=0251 18 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JDG_18:14!11|MId=o070180140112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19-20 הַיְדַעְתֶּ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ PART _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=do|Ref=JDG_18:14!12|MId=o070180140121|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 20 יְדַעְתֶּ֗ם יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 15 ccomp _ Gloss=you.know?|Ref=JDG_18:14!12|MId=o070180140122|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:070180140111;A1:070180140141;|Type=qatal 21 כִּ֠י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JDG_18:14!13|MId=o070180140131|Strong=3588 22 יֵ֣שׁ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 20 ccomp _ Gloss=there.[are]|Ref=JDG_18:14!14|MId=o070180140141|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative 23-25 בַּבָּתִּ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_18:14!15|MId=o070180140151|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_18:14!15|MId=o070180140151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 בָּתִּ֤ים בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=houses|Ref=JDG_18:14!15|MId=o070180140152|Strong=1004 26-27 הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_18:14!16|MId=o070180140161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 אֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 25 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=JDG_18:14!16|MId=o070180140162|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 28 אֵפ֣וֹד אֵפֹד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=an.ephod|Ref=JDG_18:14!17|MId=o070180140171|Strong=0646 29-30 וּתְרָפִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:14!18|MId=o070180140181|Strong=2050b 30 תְרָפִ֔ים תְּרָפִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 conj _ Gloss=teraphim|Ref=JDG_18:14!18|MId=o070180140182|Strong=8655 31-32 וּפֶ֖סֶל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=a|Ref=JDG_18:14!19|MId=o070180140191|Strong=2050b 32 פֶ֖סֶל פֶּסֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 conj _ Gloss=carved.image|Ref=JDG_18:14!19|MId=o070180140192|Strong=6459 33-34 וּמַסֵּכָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:14!20|MId=o070180140201|Strong=2050b 34 מַסֵּכָ֑ה מַסֵּכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 conj _ Gloss=a.molten.image|Ref=JDG_18:14!20|MId=o070180140202|Strong=4541 35-36 וְעַתָּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:14!21|MId=o070180140211|Strong=2050b 36 עַתָּ֖ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JDG_18:14!21|MId=o070180140212|Strong=6258 37 דְּע֥וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 20 parataxis _ Gloss=consider|Ref=JDG_18:14!22|MId=o070180140221|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:070180140111;A1:070180140241;|Type=imperative 38 מַֽה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 39 obj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=JDG_18:14!23|MId=o070180140231|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 39 תַּעֲשֽׂוּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 37 ccomp _ Gloss=will.you.do|Ref=JDG_18:14!24|MId=o070180140241|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:070180140111;A1:070180140231;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=JDG_18:14!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעֲנוּ *they answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | הֹלְכִים *had\] gone* | participle active · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | רַגֵּל *spy out* | infinitive construct · piel | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יְדַעְתֶּם *you know?* | qatal · qal | אֲחֵי *brothers* | יֵשׁ *there \[are\]* | | | | דְּעוּ *consider* | imperative · qal | אֲחֵי *brothers* | תַּעֲשֽׂוּ *will you do* | | | | תַּעֲשֽׂוּ *will you do* | yiqtol · qal | אֲחֵי *brothers* | מַֽה־ *what?* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתִיבוּ חַמְשָׁא גוּבְרַיָא דַאֲזַלוּ לְאַלָלָא יַת אַרְעָא לַיִשׁ וַאֲמַרוּ לַאֲחוּהוֹן הַיְדַעְתּוּן אֲרֵי אִית בְּבָתַּיָא הָאִלֵין אֵפוֹד וּדְמָאִין וּצְלֵים וּמַתְּכָא וּכְעַן דְעוּ מַה תַעְבְּדוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren: 'Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.530/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:497`. - ← previous: [Judges 18:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.18.13/) - next →: [Judges 18:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.18.15/) - ↑ back to [Judges 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/18/)