--- title: Judges 18:7 — Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt in security, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; for there was none in the land, possessing authority, that might put them to shame in any thing, and they were far from the Zidonians, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.18.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/18/) / 18:7 # Judges 18:7 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** five men, people, men, none · **What happens:** depart, come, see, be, dwell, possess · **To what, where:** Laish, people, security, authority, men, thing · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 18:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — five men, people, men, none — and what happens in the verse to Laish, people, security, authority, men, thing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ לָ֑יְשָׁה וַיִּרְא֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ יוֹשֶֽׁבֶת־לָ֠בֶטַח כְּמִשְׁפַּ֨ט צִדֹנִ֜ים שֹׁקֵ֣ט ׀ וּבֹטֵ֗חַ וְאֵין־מַכְלִ֨ים דָּבָ֤ר בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ יוֹרֵ֣שׁ עֶ֔צֶר וּרְחֹקִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ מִצִּ֣דֹנִ֔ים וְדָבָ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם עִם־אָדָֽם׃ [Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt in security, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; for there was none in the land, possessing authority, that might put them to shame in any thing, and they were far from the Zidonians, and had no dealings with any man.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.523/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:490 # text = וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ לָ֑יְשָׁה וַיִּרְא֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ יוֹשֶֽׁבֶת־לָ֠בֶטַח כְּמִשְׁפַּ֨ט צִדֹנִ֜ים שֹׁקֵ֣ט ׀ וּבֹטֵ֗חַ וְאֵין־מַכְלִ֨ים דָּבָ֤ר בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ יוֹרֵ֣שׁ עֶ֔צֶר וּרְחֹקִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ מִצִּ֣דֹנִ֔ים וְדָבָ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם עִם־אָדָֽם׃ # verse = JDG.18.7 1-2 וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:7!1|MId=o070180070011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּלְכוּ֙ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=JDG_18:7!1|MId=o070180070012|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:070180070032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nummod _ Gloss=the.five|Ref=JDG_18:7!2|MId=o070180070021|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 4-5 הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_18:7!3|MId=o070180070031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JDG_18:7!3|MId=o070180070032|Strong=0376 6-7 וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:7!4|MId=o070180070041|Strong=2050b 7 יָּבֹ֖אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=JDG_18:7!4|MId=o070180070042|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:070180070032;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 לָ֑יְשָׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לָ֑יְשׁ לַיִשׁ PROPN _ _ 7 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_18:7!5|MId=o070180070051|Strong=3919a 9 ָה ה X _ _ 8 nmod _ Gloss=Laish|Ref=JDG_18:7!5|MId=o070180070052|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 10-11 וַיִּרְא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:7!6|MId=o070180070061|Strong=2050b 11 יִּרְא֣וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=JDG_18:7!6|MId=o070180070062|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:070180070032;A1:070180070111;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_18:7!7|MId=o070180070071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הָעָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_18:7!8|MId=o070180070081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 עָ֣ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JDG_18:7!8|MId=o070180070082|Strong=5971 15 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JDG_18:7!9|MId=o070180070091|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 16-18 בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=JDG_18:7!10|MId=o070180070101|Strong=0871a 17 קִרְבּ קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=midst|Ref=JDG_18:7!10|MId=o070180070102|Strong=7130 18 ָ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JDG_18:7!10|MId=o070180070103|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 19 יוֹשֶֽׁבֶת־ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=dwelling|Ref=JDG_18:7!11|MId=o070180070111|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:070180070082;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 לָ֠בֶטַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לָ֠ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_18:7!12|MId=o070180070121|Strong=3807a 21 בֶטַח בֶּטַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=security|Ref=JDG_18:7!12|MId=o070180070122|Strong=0983 22-23 כְּמִשְׁפַּ֨ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=JDG_18:7!13|MId=o070180070131|Strong=3509a 23 מִשְׁפַּ֨ט מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=to.the.custom|Ref=JDG_18:7!13|MId=o070180070132|Strong=4941 24 צִדֹנִ֜ים צִידֹנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Sidonians|Ref=JDG_18:7!14|MId=o070180070141|Strong=6722|Type=gentilic 25 שֹׁקֵ֣ט שָׁקַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 19 parataxis _ Gloss=at.peace|Ref=JDG_18:7!15|MId=o070180070151|Strong=8252|Frame=A0:070180070082;|Type=participle_active 26 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=JDG_18:7!15 27-28 וּבֹטֵ֗חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:7!16|MId=o070180070161|Strong=2050b 28 בֹטֵ֗חַ בָּטַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=secure|Ref=JDG_18:7!16|MId=o070180070162|Strong=0982|Frame=A0:070180070082;|Type=participle_active 29-30 וְאֵין־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:7!17|MId=o070180070171|Strong=2050b 30 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=JDG_18:7!17|MId=o070180070172|Strong=0369|Type=negative 31 מַכְלִ֨ים כָּלַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].put.to.shame|Ref=JDG_18:7!18|MId=o070180070181|Strong=3637|Frame=AA:070180070082;A0:070180070191;|Type=participle_active 32 דָּבָ֤ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obj _ Gloss=anything|Ref=JDG_18:7!19|MId=o070180070191|Strong=1697 33-35 בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_18:7!20|MId=o070180070201|Strong=0871a 34 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_18:7!20|MId=o070180070201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 אָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JDG_18:7!20|MId=o070180070202|Strong=0776 36 יוֹרֵ֣שׁ יָרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[one.who].possessed|Ref=JDG_18:7!21|MId=o070180070211|Strong=3423|Frame=A0:070180070082;A1:070180070221;|Type=participle_active 37 עֶ֔צֶר עֶצֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obj _ Gloss=oppression|Ref=JDG_18:7!22|MId=o070180070221|Strong=6114 38-39 וּרְחֹקִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and.[were]|Ref=JDG_18:7!23|MId=o070180070231|Strong=2050b 39 רְחֹקִ֥ים רָחֹוק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=far|Ref=JDG_18:7!23|MId=o070180070232|Strong=7350|Type=adjective 40 הֵ֙מָּה֙ הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_18:7!24|MId=o070180070241|Strong=1992|Type=personal 41-42 מִצִּ֣דֹנִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JDG_18:7!25|MId=o070180070251|Strong=4480 42 צִּ֣דֹנִ֔ים צִידֹנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 39 obl _ Gloss=Sidonians|Ref=JDG_18:7!25|MId=o070180070252|Strong=6722|Type=gentilic 43-44 וְדָבָ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_18:7!26|MId=o070180070261|Strong=2050b 44 דָבָ֥ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ Gloss=anything|Ref=JDG_18:7!26|MId=o070180070262|Strong=1697 45 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=JDG_18:7!27|MId=o070180070271|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 46-47 לָהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 ל לְ ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_18:7!28|MId=o070180070281|Strong=3807a 47 ָהֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_18:7!28|MId=o070180070282|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 48 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_18:7!29|MId=o070180070291|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 49 אָדָֽם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 obl _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=JDG_18:7!30|MId=o070180070301|Strong=0120|SpaceAfter=No 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=JDG_18:7!30 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יֵּלְכוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יִּרְאוּ *they saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | יוֹשֶֽׁבֶת־ *dwelling* | | | | יוֹשֶֽׁבֶת־ *dwelling* | participle active · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | שֹׁקֵט *at peace* | participle active · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | בֹטֵחַ *secure* | participle active · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | מַכְלִים *\[one who\] put to shame* | participle active · hiphil | דָּבָר *anything* | | | עָם *people* | | יוֹרֵשׁ *\[one who\] possessed* | participle active · qal | עָם *people* | עֶצֶר *oppression* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲזַלוּ חַמְשָׁא גוּבְרִין וַאֲתוֹ לְלָיִשׁ וַחֲזוֹ יַת עַמָא דִי בְגַוָהּ יַתְבִין לְרוֹחֲצָן כְּהִלְכַת צִידוֹנָאֵי דְשָׁקְטִין וּשְׁרָן לְרוֹחֲצָן וְלֵית דְמַנְזַק פִּתְגָמָא בְּאַרְעָא יְרוּתִין זְעִירִין וּרְחִיקִין אִינוּן מִצִידוֹנָאֵי וּפִתְגַם לֵית לְהוֹן עִם אֱנָשׁ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt in security, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; for there was none in the land, possessing authority, that might put them to shame in any thing, and they were far from the Zidonians, and had no dealings with any man.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.523/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:490`. - ← previous: [Judges 18:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.18.6/) - next →: [Judges 18:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.18.8/) - ↑ back to [Judges 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/18/)