--- title: Judges 19:1 — And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Beth-lehem in Judah. Who acts: it, certain Levite. Judges 19:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Ta --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/) / 19:1 # Judges 19:1 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** it, certain Levite · **What happens:** come, pass, be, sojourn, take · **To what, where:** king, Israel, farther side, concubine, Levite, Beth lehem This is Judges 19:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, certain Levite — and what happens in the verse to king, Israel, farther side, concubine, Levite, Beth lehem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וּמֶ֖לֶךְ אֵ֣ין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ לֵוִ֗י גָּ֚ר בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה פִילֶ֔גֶשׁ מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָֽה׃ [And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Beth-lehem in Judah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.550/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:515 # text = וַיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וּמֶ֖לֶךְ אֵ֣ין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ לֵוִ֗י גָּ֚ר בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה פִילֶ֔גֶשׁ מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָֽה׃ # verse = JDG.19.1 1-2 וַיְהִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:1!1|MId=o070190010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִי֙ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JDG_19:1!1|MId=o070190010012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 בַּיָּמִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_19:1!2|MId=o070190010021|Strong=0871a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:1!2|MId=o070190010021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 יָּמִ֣ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=JDG_19:1!2|MId=o070190010022|Strong=3117 6-7 הָהֵ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_19:1!3|MId=o070190010031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 הֵ֔ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 det _ Gloss=those|Ref=JDG_19:1!3|MId=o070190010032|Strong=1992|Type=personal 8-9 וּמֶ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:1!4|MId=o070190010041|Strong=2050b 9 מֶ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=a.king|Ref=JDG_19:1!4|MId=o070190010042|Strong=4428 10 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=JDG_19:1!5|MId=o070190010051|Strong=0369|Type=negative 11-12 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_19:1!6|MId=o070190010061|Strong=0871a 12 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JDG_19:1!6|MId=o070190010062|Strong=3478 13-14 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:1!7|MId=o070190010071|Strong=2050b 14 יְהִ֣י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 18 cop _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=JDG_19:1!7|MId=o070190010072|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:070190010081;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=JDG_19:1!7 16 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=JDG_19:1!8|MId=o070190010081|Strong=0376 17 לֵוִ֗י לֵוִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 appos _ Gloss=a.Levite|Ref=JDG_19:1!9|MId=o070190010091|Strong=3881|Type=gentilic 18 גָּ֚ר גּוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=sojourning|Ref=JDG_19:1!10|MId=o070190010101|Strong=1481|Frame=A0:070190010081;|Type=participle_active 19-20 בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_19:1!11|MId=o070190010111|Strong=0871a 20 יַרְכְּתֵ֣י יַרְכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 18 obl _ Gloss=the.the.remotest.parts|Ref=JDG_19:1!11|MId=o070190010112|Strong=3411 21 הַר־ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.hill.country|Ref=JDG_19:1!12|MId=o070190010121|Strong=2022|SpaceAfter=No 22 אֶפְרַ֔יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JDG_19:1!13|MId=o070190010131|Strong=0669 23-24 וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:1!14|MId=o070190010141|Strong=2050b 24 יִּֽקַּֽח־ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=JDG_19:1!14|MId=o070190010142|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:070190010081;A1:070190010161;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JDG_19:1!15|MId=o070190010151|Strong=3807a 26 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=himself|Ref=JDG_19:1!15|MId=o070190010152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 אִשָּׁ֣ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=a.woman|Ref=JDG_19:1!16|MId=o070190010161|Strong=0802 28 פִילֶ֔גֶשׁ פִּלֶגֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 appos _ Gloss=a.concubine|Ref=JDG_19:1!17|MId=o070190010171|Strong=6370 29-30 מִבֵּ֥ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_19:1!18|MId=o070190010181|Strong=4480 30 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 24 obl _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=JDG_19:1!18|MId=o070190010182 31 לֶ֖חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 30 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_19:1!18 32 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=JDG_19:1!19|MId=o070190010191 33 לֶ֖חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 32 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_19:1!19 34 יְהוּדָֽה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=JDG_19:1!20|MId=o070190010201|Strong=3063|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JDG_19:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְהִי *he was* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | גָּר *sojourning* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | יִּֽקַּֽח־ *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | אִשָּׁה *a woman* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה בְיוֹמַיָא הָאִינוּן וּמַלְכָּא לֵית בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וַהֲוָה גְבַר לְוָאָה דָר בִּסְיָפֵי טוּרָא דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם וּנְסֵיב לֵיהּ אִתְּתָא לְחֵינָתָא מִבֵּית לֶחֶם דְבֵית יְהוּדָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Beth-lehem in Judah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.550/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:515`. - ← previous: [Judges 18:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.18.31/) - next →: [Judges 19:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.2/) - ↑ back to [Judges 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/)